Now consider a ball on the table. The flashlight is to the left of the ball.

Light comes from the left. The ball blocks some of it.

The shadow is on the right of the ball, away from the flashlight.

Which side is the shadow on? Light comes from the left, so the shadow is on the right of the ball, away from the flashlight.

Now the flashlight moves to the right of the ball.

Light comes from the right. The ball blocks some of it.

The shadow is on the left of the ball, away from the flashlight.

Which side is the shadow on? Light comes from the right, so the shadow is on the left of the ball, away from the flashlight.

Now the flashlight is above the ball. It points down.

Light comes from above. The ball blocks some of it.

The shadow is on the table under the ball, away from the flashlight.

Which side is the shadow on? Light comes from above, so the shadow is on the table under the ball, away from the flashlight.