Topic 21 Heating and cooling — what needs James (0)
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Question types (14)
One exemplar per question type in the test bank; approving a type approves every item written to it. The full type sheet.
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 1 · bank item PP-1 · tests MAT3-040
EasyMCQType 1 — a solid warms up (or a liquid cools down): what happens to it
An ice cube is left on a plate on a warm kitchen table. What happens to the ice cube?
- a) It turns into a liquid. ← key
- b) It stays a solid.
- c) It turns into a gas.
- d) It gets bigger.
Why it is this type: The warm table and the warm air warm the ice cube up. / When a solid warms up enough, it turns into a liquid. / So the ice cube melts.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 10 · bank item PP-2 · tests MAT3-042
EasyMCQType 10 — water sits on something open to the air: what happens to the water
A wet plate stands on a rack after washing. What happens to the water on the plate?
- a) It stays on the plate.
- b) It turns into ice.
- c) It goes into the air. ← key
- d) It soaks into the plate.
Why it is this type: The water on the plate is open to the air. / Bit by bit, the water goes into the air: it evaporates. / So the plate dries.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 5 · bank item PP-3 · tests MAT3-045
EasyMCQType 5 — a cold thing comes into warm air: what forms on its outside
A bag of frozen peas comes out of the freezer onto a warm table. What forms on the outside of the bag?
- a) nothing
- b) drops of water ← key
- c) a white cloud
- d) bubbles
Why it is this type: The room's air has water vapor in it. / The water vapor touches the cold bag and cools down. / When water vapor cools down enough, it turns back into liquid water. / So drops of water form on the bag.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 7 · bank item PP-4 · tests MAT3-046
EasyMCQType 7 — ice has melted: what is the liquid
Ice cubes spill from a cooler onto a picnic table and melt. What is the liquid on the table?
- a) a new kind of liquid
- b) juice
- c) soda
- d) water ← key
Why it is this type: Ice is water, frozen. / Melting changes water's state, not the stuff. / So the liquid on the table is water.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 3 · bank item PP-5 · tests MAT3-043
MediumMCQType 3 — a wet thing has dried: where is its water now
Rain wet a slide in the park, and an hour later the slide is dry. Where is the rain's water now?
- a) soaked into the slide
- b) in the air, as water vapor ← key
- c) gone into nothing
- d) turned into air
Why it is this type: Medium because: the fact (Lesson 4 (Where the water went)) is applied to a fresh scene, and "turned into air" — the closest wrong belief, met once in Lesson 4 (Where the water went) — must be told apart from "water in the air".
The why line (what a student reads after answering): The slide's water evaporated: it went into the air, bit by bit. / Water that evaporates is still there, as tiny pieces far too small to see. / It is not air; it is water in the air. / So the water is in the air, as water vapor.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 6 · bank item PP-6 · tests MAT3-045
MediumMCQType 6 — drops cover a cold surface: where did the drops' water come from
Drops of water cover the inside of a tent in the morning. Where did the drops' water come from?
- a) from the tent cloth
- b) from the ground sheet
- c) from nowhere
- d) from the water vapor in the air ← key
Why it is this type: Medium because: the student must rule out the "came through the cloth" belief and reach back to Lesson 4 (Where the water went)'s fact that the air holds water vapor.
The why line (what a student reads after answering): The tent cloth and the ground sheet are dry. / The air inside the tent has water vapor in it. / The water vapor touched the cold tent cloth, cooled down and condensed into drops. / So the drops' water came from the water vapor in the air.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 9 · bank item PP-7 · tests MAT3-041
MediumMCQType 9 — a solid melts, and the liquid runs onto something cold: what happens to it there
Wax melts into a liquid near a candle flame, and the liquid wax drips onto a cold plate. What happens to the wax on the plate?
- a) It stays a liquid.
- b) It goes into the air.
- c) It turns into a solid. ← key
- d) It turns into a gas.
Why it is this type: Medium because: two changes are chained (melting, then freezing on the cold plate), and the freezing is of wax at room warmth, not of water in a freezer — the "freezing means very cold" belief is met. Kept under James's "chocolate in the fridge is fine" reading: candle drips going hard is an everyday certainty, not a freezing point to know.
The why line (what a student reads after answering): The cold plate cools the liquid wax down. / When a liquid cools down enough, it turns into a solid. / So the wax on the plate freezes: it turns into a solid.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 11 · bank item PP-8 · tests MAT3-045
MediumMCQType 11 — a state change is SHOWN (before and after): what is this change called
drawing pp_strip_lemonade
Look at the two pictures of the cold glass of lemonade. What is this change called?
- a) melting
- b) condensing ← key
- c) freezing
- d) evaporating
Why it is this type: Medium because: the change is read off two pictures — a dry glass, then the same glass with drops — and named from the full set of four sister words. The drawing is needed: the stem's words do not say what happened.
The why line (what a student reads after answering): The glass is cold, from the fridge. / Water vapor in the air touches the cold glass, cools down and turns into drops of liquid water. / That change is called condensing.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 2 · bank item PP-9 · tests MAT3-045
HardtypedType 2 — a change described only by what is seen: type the word for it · PP-9
text entry
Beads of water form on a cold metal railing on a spring morning. What is that change called? Type the word.
Accepted answers (typed): TERM_FORMS["condensation"] — condensation · condensing · condense · condenses · condensed · it condenses · it condensed · it is condensing
Why it is this type: The morning air has water vapor in it. / The water vapor touches the cold railing, cools down and turns back into drops of liquid water. / That change is called condensation.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 2 · bank item PP-10 · tests MAT3-040
HardtypedType 2 — a change described only by what is seen: type the word for it · PP-10
text entry
Snow on a warm car roof turns into water. What is that change called? Type the word.
Accepted answers (typed): TERM_FORMS["melting"] — melting · melt · melts · melted · it melts · it melted · it is melting
Why it is this type: The snow is a solid. / The warm roof warms it up enough, and it turns into a liquid. / That change is called melting.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 2 · bank item PP-11 · tests MAT3-044
HardtypedType 2 — a change described only by what is seen: type the word for it · PP-11
text entry
A pot of water hung over a campfire bubbles all through, and the water turns into water vapor fast. What is that change called? Type the word.
Accepted answers (typed): TERM_FORMS["boiling"] — boiling · boil · boils · boiled · it boils · it boiled · it is boiling
Feedback for "evaporating" / "evaporation" (James's ask): Evaporating is slow: the water goes into the air bit by bit from the top, with no bubbles, at any warmth. Here the water bubbles all through at 212 degrees Fahrenheit: that is boiling.
Why it is this type: The water over the fire is at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. / Bubbles form all through it, and it turns into water vapor fast. / That change is called boiling. / Evaporating is different: slow, from the top, with no bubbles.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 2 · bank item PP-12 · tests MAT3-042
HardtypedType 2 — a change described only by what is seen: type the word for it · PP-12
text entry
A soaked doormat on a porch dries as its water goes into the air, bit by bit. What is that change called? Type the word.
Accepted answers (typed): TERM_FORMS["evaporation"] — evaporation · evaporating · evaporate · evaporates · evaporated · it evaporates · it evaporated · it is evaporating
Why it is this type: The doormat's water is open to the air. / Bit by bit, it goes into the air. / Water going into the air like this is called evaporation.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling · Type 2 · bank item PP-13 · tests MAT3-041
HardtypedType 2 — a change described only by what is seen: type the word for it · PP-13
text entry
Water sprayed on a driveway on a very cold night turns into a sheet of ice. What is that change called? Type the word.
Accepted answers (typed): TERM_FORMS["freezing"] — freezing · freeze · freezes · frozen · froze · it freezes · it froze · it is freezing
Why it is this type: The water is a liquid. / The night air is colder than 32 degrees Fahrenheit, so the water cools down enough and turns into a solid. / That change is called freezing.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Heating and cooling
For youFor James — a type-sheet consequence of Lesson 5b (Boiling or evaporating?) (30 September 2026; no bank items added)
Lesson 5b (Boiling or evaporating?) "Boiling or evaporating?" is authored on your ruling (question 14). It adds a skill the sheet above does not yet test: telling the two apart by what can be seen. The consequence is one new type, written here for your look with the rest of the sheet (question 16, still open — you said "remind me and I'll take a look"). Nothing is generated until you rule.
Type 12 (proposed) — the contrast sort. One water-loss case is shown or described — bubbles all through a pot, or water slowly going from the top of a wet thing with no bubbles, or the boundary case, hot water with no bubbles — and the options are boiling / evaporating (easy, two options) or the four change words (medium); a second form asks which one feature tells you it is boiling (bubbles all through), over two features true of both changes (the water goes into the air; the level gets lower). Hard form: the term typed, the boiling item carrying your feedback line for "evaporating" and the evaporating item the mirror line. Tagged MAT3-P21-02 (provisional). No item needs a thermometer reading or a non-water change point. Exemplars, if you approve the type, would be fresh scenes — not Lesson 5b (Boiling or evaporating?)'s pan, puddle, path, jar, pot of corn, watering can, bath or counter splash.
Recommendation: Approve as proposed
The lessons (7)
Each lesson in teaching order: its one-line summary, the article, the script and the quiz, then your ruling.
Topic 21 · Lesson 1
Lesson 1 Melting
Juniper's ice pop on the bench in the sun; a solid warms up enough and turns into a liquid; an ice cube in Aled's hand (an ice cube on a warm plate in the video — no hands drawn), butter in a hot pan, chocolate in a hot pocket; then a metal spoon in the same sun: warm, still a solid. Quiz: a snowman, a rock, a fork in hot soup, an ice cube in warm lemonade; Kester's sugar "melted" in cold water (no); then "an ice cube on the counter turns into a pool of water — what is that change called?" (melting / freezing / mixing) before the typed word. The crayon is gone.
Topic 21 · Lesson 2
Lesson 2 Freezing
Tamar's ice-cube tray in the freezer; the water gives some of its energy to the cold air and cools down; at 32 degrees Fahrenheit it turns into a solid; juice in a pop mold, a puddle on a cold night, melted butter in the fridge; a glass of water in the same fridge stays a liquid. Quiz: the milk is gone; Nye's claim carries its own scene (a bottle of water froze in a car overnight); the recall thermometer shows the Fahrenheit side only; "a cup of water outside in air far colder than 32 degrees Fahrenheit — does it freeze?" has no reading to make.
Topic 21 · Lesson 3
Lesson 3 Evaporation
the playground puddle: big in the morning, smaller by lunch, dry next day; bit by bit the water goes into the air; a wet T-shirt, a saucer over five days, wet hair; the same saucer with a lid keeps its water; the sunny puddle dries first. Attached question, your wording: "A damp towel is hung out to dry. What process causes it to dry?" melting / freezing / evaporating.
Topic 21 · Lesson 4
Lesson 4 Where the water went
Cosmo says the water is gone into nothing; the video now says "So Cosmo's not right." Air is made of tiny pieces too small to see; water is too; the pieces leave the puddle's top and spread through the air like any gas: water vapor. "Can you see water vapor in the air?" is gone; the chalkboard's drawing is gone.
Topic 21 · Lesson 5
Lesson 5 Boiling
Pippa's dad's pasta pan, forgotten; the thermometer climbs to 212 degrees Fahrenheit and bubbles form all through: boiling; the water turns into water vapor fast, the water level gets lower, and the pan boils dry. Nothing else: the white cloud, the clear gap and the evaporating-versus-boiling table are out. Attached question, yours: "Water is heated until bubbles of water vapor form all through it. What is this called?" boiling / evaporation. Eight quiz items, all on boiling and its name.
Topic 21 · Lesson 6
Lesson 6 Condensation
Florrie's cold can of orange soda sweats clear drops: the can is sealed, so the water came from outside — water vapor in the air touched the cold can, cooled down and turned back into liquid water. A cold window, the bathroom mirror, Keir's glasses; a can at room warmth gets no drops. The car-window mist is now asked over the four terms.
Topic 21 · Lesson 7
Lesson 7 Same water, different state
Zosia's melted ice cube; Bertie says it is "melted ice, a different stuff"; the video answers "No, he's not right. That's because Zosia froze water in a tray…". Frozen again, evaporated, condensed: the three-state ring; "state" coined; a sealed bag of ice reads 200 grams before and after it melts. Snow on a warm step: "a new liquid / water" — oil is gone.
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