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Skill: write-like-james @ cca3af6 · the build: write-lesson, write-mcqs, write-video-script, write-summary, write-intro @ cca3af6; the non-author review (review-lesson Role B and C, review-questions, review-figures, review-accuracy, review-physics) applied @ cca3af6; the blind read of the re-cut bundle is next

Topic 3 "How to investigate a force like a scientist" — your read (8 October 2026)

Skim first

The lessons in teaching order, each with its one rule sentence; then the intro script; then the question types. The review page follows.

The lessons and their rules

LessonAtomRule sentence
L01 Investigating unequal forces: two pulls on a boxFOR5-024Change one thing at a time, and watch. Equal pulls: the box stays still. Unequal pulls: the box moves toward the stronger pull and speeds up.
L02 Say what you expect before you testSR5-001Before you test, say what you expect. A good prediction says what will happen. Then the test can show whether it was right.
L03 How to plan the whole fair testSR5-002Write down the question. The one thing you change. What stays the same. What you measure.
L04 Why you run a test more than onceSR5-003Run a test more than once. One run can mislead you. Three runs show what usually happens.
L05 Design a force experiment: the planFOR5-025Ask a question about a force. Plan the fair test. Make a prediction.
L05b Design a force experiment: carry it outFOR5-025Three runs for each change. Every measurement in a table. Compare the result with what you expected.

The intro script (119 words, about 60 s)

Here's Cyrus in Miss Calloway's class, with a toy car at the top of a ramp. He lets the car go, and it rolls along the floor. Then he makes the ramp steeper, and the car rolls farther. Cyrus says the steeper ramp always wins. But Miss Calloway asks how he knows for sure. Was it the ramp, or something else? And would the car do the same thing next time? To find out, we will look at how to plan a test of a force, how to say what you expect, and how to run it so you can trust the answer. Okay, so are you ready to find out how to investigate a force like a scientist?

The question types (from TYPES_G5T03.md)

  1. Type 1 (easy · MCQ, the what-it-does set · 024): what the object does when a third pusher joins one side — stays still / toward the two children / away from the two children and speeds up / away from the two children and slows
  2. Type 2 (easy · MCQ · 024): which is true of two pushes or pulls on a still object — They are equal. / One is much stronger. / There are none. / They act the same direction.
  3. Type 3 (easy · MCQ · 024): the one thing an investigation changed, or should change next — how many children push on one side / which train, track, floor
  4. Type 4 (easy · MCQ · 024): which is true of two pushes when the object starts to move toward one pusher — They are unequal. / equal / both zero / same direction
  5. Type 5 (easy, medium · MCQ · 001): which prediction the test can check; what a wrong prediction taught — one sentence that says what will happen against three that fit whatever happens
  6. Type 6 (easy, medium · MCQ · 001, 002): can the test show whether these words were right; is this a fair test — yes / no / only if … / only if …
  7. Type 7 (easy, medium · MCQ, the plan-line set · 002): which plan line a given phrase is; which plan line is missing from a drawn plan — the question / the one thing we change / what we keep the same / what we measure
  8. Type 8 (medium · MCQ, drawn · 024, 002): what goes in a blank cell of an investigation table; what is wrong with a drawn plan — what the skateboard did; It changes two things. / no question / measures nothing / keeps nothing the same
  9. Type 9 (medium · MCQ · 002, 024): what must stay the same; what to measure; the one thing to change; the correct reason a still canoe starts to move — specific things or quantities of the scene; four single-statement reasons
  10. Type 10 (easy · MCQ, the how-many-times set · 003): how many times to drop the helicopter — once / twice / three times or more / until it matches the prediction
  11. Type 11 (easy, medium · MCQ, two drawn · 003): why three runs differ; which height or setting usually took longer or flew farther; which runs to look at; the correct reason one run cannot be trusted — four single statements / the settings
  12. Type 12 (medium · MCQ · 001): what saying what you expect is called; which of four sentences is a prediction — a prediction / an observation / a measurement / a fair test; four sentences
  13. Type 13 (easy, medium · MCQ · 025): which question asks how a force changes an object's motion — one force question against three that are not
  14. Type 14 (medium · MCQ · 025): the one thing to change; what must stay the same; what to measure, for a force experiment — things or quantities of the scene
  15. Type 15 (medium · MCQ, one drawn · 025): which prediction a force test can check; was the class's prediction right, from a drawn table — one checkable sentence against three vague; yes / no / only on the first run / the table cannot tell you
  16. Type 16 (hard · MCQ · 001): Cyrus is wrong to say a prediction should be vague: the correct reason — four single-statement reasons
  17. Type 17 (hard · typed · 002): the name for a test that changes only one thing — fair test, a fair test, the fair test, fairtest, fair-test, fair tests, fare test, fair tst
  18. Type 18 (hard · MCQ · 002): Delia is wrong to say two changes at once tell you more: the correct reason — four single-statement reasons
  19. Type 19 (hard · numeric, drawn · 003, 025): a difference between two runs read off a drawn table, with its unit — the number, with and without its unit word
  20. Type 20 (hard · MCQ · 003): Desmond is wrong to say repeats are only for people who made a mistake: the correct reason — four single-statement reasons
  21. Type 21 (hard · MCQ · 025): what to do after one run each; what to write when the result contradicts the prediction — four single statements
  22. Type 22 (hard · MCQ · 025): which part of a whole described design is missing, or wrong — a prediction / a question / the one thing to change / what to keep the same; what stays the same / the question / the prediction / what is measured

Six lesson pages for five atoms, in Miss Calloway's class with Cyrus, Delia and Desmond.

Cyrus and Delia pull a box in opposite directions and it does not move; Desmond joins one rope and the box moves toward the two of them and speeds up: L01 says change one thing at a time and watch, equal pulls leave the box still, unequal pulls move it toward the stronger pull.

Delia sets up a ramp, and before anyone lets the car go Desmond says "something will happen" while Delia says "the car will roll farther from the steeper ramp": L02 shows that only Delia's words can be checked, and coins "prediction" after the cases.

L03 writes the whole plan on the board, line by line, and judges it with Grade 4's own fair-test rule, said word for word.

L04 rolls the same car from the same ramp three times, 95, 78 and 84 centimeters, and shows that one roll from each ramp would have given the wrong answer.

Then Desmond designs his own experiment with a rubber band across two pegs, in two short parts: the plan (L05) and the runs, the table and the comparison with his prediction (L05b).

No "variable", no "hypothesis", no mean, no newton; the forces are the children's pulls and the band's push.

The non-author review found five things that had to change (a moving box said to stop under balanced pulls; two explanations with pushes acting the wrong way; the launcher drawn as a slingshot fired backwards; a video chip cued on words the narrator never says) and sixteen worth changing; all are applied, every gate is back at its stated result. Two cold readers then read the bundle: one agreed every key, the other disagreed on three push items whose options said "toward the stronger push" (two readings for a push); those options now name the children, every key stands, and the bundle is re-cut once more. Pictures are placeholders until the picture pass.

The lessons

Everything to rule on is on the Needs James page → the lessons, the open questions and the question types, each a card with buttons

Also on the site

Topic intro and poll · summary and three questions · mixed practice · the PP100 bank · the type sheet · the review record

What the review found, and what changed

The blind read (8 October): every key agreed; three push items re-worded, text only

Reader B agreed every key. Reader C disagreed on L01-07, PP-01 and PP-02, and both readers marked the same three as having two defensible answers: their options said "toward / away from the stronger push (blow)", which for a push can mean the pusher's side or the push's direction. The keys were right; the options now name the people ("away from the two children", "away from the child who blows harder"), and every other push item was swept. The readers' other flags were applied the same hour: a quiz drawing that listed every plan line beside the item asking which line was missing (the item now comes first); a distractor that was the next item's key; a bank plan that also lacked its measurement line (now stated); wider accept lists for the typed seconds; a steer for "fair testing" on the typed term; and the unit-placement item's stem now states the rule. Draw constraints for the bank's shared tables and shared scenarios are on the type sheet. Full detail: the review record's "Adjudication" section.

The non-author review (8 October): 5 must-fix, 16 worth fixing, all applied

Must-fix: L01 said that when Desmond let go of the moving box "the pulls are equal again, and the box stays still" — Grade 3 taught that balanced forces leave a moving thing moving, and this topic's own recall item tests it; now everyone lets go, the box stops, and the equal pulls go back on a still box. Two explanations (the heavy desk in L01's quiz; the book in the bank) said unequal pushes move a thing toward the stronger push — a push moves a thing away from the pusher; both rewritten, keys unchanged. The rubber-band launcher was drawn with the car on the far side of the pegs, so the stretched band would have fired it toward the near end of the board, and at 10 and 15 centimeters the band did not reach the car; it is redrawn as a slingshot that fires along the board, and the cartoon brief and the L05 screen direction say the same. One L04 beat cued a chip on words the narrator never says.

Worth fixing: L03's rule now carries Grade 4 Topic 2's second and third sentences word for word (the record claimed it; they were paraphrases) and every why says "on purpose" as Grade 4 does; Grade 3's coining frame for "unbalanced forces" became Topic 2's recall line; a line counted three pulls where the drawing shows two arrows; a caption said the car stopped at 95 where the drawing has it at the top; nine rolls sat in a table where six had been narrated; "the steeper ramp rolled"; "gives the stronger push"; two stems leaned on the previous item's boy; five scenes reappeared where they should have been fresh (the sled with a third puller in L01's attached question and the summary; the heavier sled on a hill in three places; the harder kick in two attached questions; the sled again in L01 q9) and were re-scened (a tire, a bean plant, a pumpkin on a slope, a spray bottle, a plastic tub); a "barge" left over from a rename; a pull in the pushes option set; a muddled canoe line; "the grass's drag"; three launcher pictures too small to read, now stacked and legible.

Left as simplifications, on the record: friction and the vertical forces not drawn on the box; two children on one rope as one longer arrow (the rope's pull is one force on the box); "what usually happens" for any averaging; one unit word closing a list of numbers in the scripts; the launcher's ruler reading toward the near end; a toy duck floating "at the same height" in salty and plain water.

Gates after the fixes: checker 0 FAIL (S46 B = C = D = 0); terms no hits; articles 0 FAIL; key tells 0 of 122; svg ids PASS; shared checker 0 FAIL, S118 silent; bundle re-cut (115 MCQ, 10 typed of which 7 numeric, 1 written; 126 held); batch rebuilt and check_brief.py clean; not sent.

The bank, in brief

52 items in content/G5T03_pp100_bank.py: 46 four-option MCQs, 2 typed terms ("fair test", Grade 4's word), 4 typed differences read off drawn tables (centimeters, seconds). Per atom: FOR5-024 9 · SR5-001 8 · SR5-002 13 · SR5-003 9 · FOR5-025 13. Easy 17, medium 22, hard 13, sorted easy to hard and rising with the atom's place. MCQ keys A 13 · B 13 · C 13 · D 7. Twenty-two question types, one exemplar each on the type sheet: what the object does when a third pusher joins (the fixed set); which is true of two pushes on a still thing; the one thing changed; the checkable prediction; can the test check these words; which plan line a phrase belongs on (the fixed set); the missing plan line on a drawn board; what is wrong with a drawn plan; change, same, measure for a fresh test; is it a fair test; how many times (the fixed set); why three runs differ, which usually, which runs to look at; the term from its definition; which sentence is a prediction; which question is about a force; the plan parts for a puck experiment; was the prediction right from a drawn table; the register's beliefs by their correct reason; the typed term; the typed differences; what to do after one run each; what to write when the result contradicts the prediction; the missing or wrong part of a whole design. Every scene is fresh against the lessons, the quizzes and the practice.