Skill: write-like-james @ cca3af6 · the build: write-lesson, write-example-sequence, write-mcqs, write-video-script, write-summary, write-intro @ cca3af6; the non-author review and fix pass: review-lesson (Roles B and C), review-questions, review-figures, review-accuracy, review-physics @ cca3af6; the blind read (two cold readers) follows

Topic 19 "How shadows change through the day" — your read (8 October 2026)

Skim first

The lessons in teaching order, each with its one rule sentence; then the intro script; then the question types. The review page follows.

The lessons and their rules

Lesson	Atom	Rule sentence
L01 A shadow is long, then short, then long again	SPA5-001	Long in the morning. Shortest around the middle of the day. Long again in the afternoon.
L02 A shadow swings round through the day	SPA5-002	A shadow points away from the Sun. West in the morning. East in the afternoon.
L03 Construct a line graph	SR5-022	A title and two labels. A dot for each reading, above its time. A straight line from each dot to the next. Only the dots were measured.
L04 Graph a day of shadows	SPA5-003	The dots drop toward the middle of the day. The dots climb again after it. The lowest dot is the shortest shadow.
L05 Experiment, or just watching?	SR5-006	Experiment: you change something on purpose. Observation study: you change nothing on purpose. In both, you watch and record. Both are real science.

The intro script (116 words, about 58 s)

Here's Salma in the school yard in San Antonio, Texas, early on a clear morning. The flagpole's shadow reaches right across the yard to the fence. At lunchtime Salma looks again. The shadow is now a short dark shape beside the pole, pointing a different way. Nobody touched the flagpole. So what does a shadow do between the morning and the afternoon? Every tree and post in the yard has a shadow that does the same. To find out, we will measure the shadow every hour, put the readings on a graph, and ask whether just watching counts as real science. Okay, so are you ready to find out what a shadow does through the day?

The question types (from `TYPES_G5T19.md`)

Type 1 (easy · MCQ, the four-time set · 001): at which time is the shadow shortest / longest — 8 in the morning / noon / 2 in the afternoon / 6 in the evening
Type 2 (easy · MCQ, drawn three panels · 001): which drawn shadow is the 7 o'clock shadow (times hidden) — the left / middle / right shadow / all three shadows
Type 3 (easy · MCQ · 001): which sentence describes a day of shadows — four sentence shapes of the pattern
Type 4 (easy, medium · MCQ · 001): which part of the day; which length could it be (from one reading, from two, from a drawn table) — before noon / after noon / … ; four lengths
Type 5 (easy · MCQ, the four-direction set · 002): which way the shadow points, given where the Sun is — toward the north / east / south / west
Type 6 (easy · MCQ · 002): where the Sun is, given where the shadow points — in the west / east / north / straight overhead
Type 7 (easy · MCQ · 022): what goes along the bottom / up the side of the line graph — the time / the width / the name / the weather …
Type 8 (medium · MCQ, drawn · 022): which colored dot is the reading's right place; which dot a boy put in the wrong place against his table — the red / blue / green dot / every dot; the four dots by their times
Type 9 (medium · MCQ · 022): how many lines join six dots; the last step; what the line between two dots shows; what a wordless graph is missing — four single answers
Type 10 (medium · MCQ, drawn fan · 002): which time belongs to a line with no time — four times
Type 11 (medium · MCQ · 002): the order of the swing; how the direction changes; where it points later; about what time it is from a short north shadow — four lists / four descriptions / four directions / four times
Type 12 (medium · MCQ, drawn graph or bar graph · 003): at which time the shadow was shortest; which of two graphs could be a day of shadows; which way the dots go — four times; the top / bottom / both / neither; the four dot moves
Type 13 (medium · MCQ, drawn graph · 003): how long the shadow was at a named time — four lengths
Type 14 (medium · MCQ, the four-kind set · 006): which kind of investigation this is — an experiment / an observation study / a measurement / a pattern
Type 15 (medium · MCQ, the four-kind set · 006): the near miss: something changed, but nobody changed it on purpose — the same four kinds
Type 16 (hard · MCQ, reason · 022): Samir is wrong to say every point on the line was measured: the correct reason (SR5 SD-2) — four single-statement reasons
Type 17 (hard · MCQ · 022): two ideas chained: five readings, a value read between two dots — which sentence is true — four statements
Type 18 (hard · typed numeric · 003): the shortest shadow's length; the difference between two readings; the hours from 9 to the lowest dot — 7 meters / 12 meters / 4 hours, each with its word forms
Type 19 (hard · MCQ, reason · 003): Samir is wrong to say the lowest dot shows the longest shadow: the correct reason (a routine error, no catalogue needed) — four single-statement reasons
Type 20 (hard · multi-select · 003): the TWO sentences that describe a correct day-of-shadows graph — drop toward the middle / climb again after it / stay level / climb all day
Type 21 (hard · MCQ, reason · 006): Samir is wrong to call an hourly temperature record an experiment; wrong to say only experiments are real science (SR5 SD-1; the Florida line) — four single-statement reasons
Type 22 (medium · MCQ · 006): which change would turn a bird count into an experiment — four changes, one on purpose
Type 23 (medium · MCQ, the four-kind set (recall) · 006): the term from its definition — the same four kinds
Type 24 (medium · multi-select · 006): which TWO of four investigations are observation studies — geese counted / glue tested / noon temperature written down / plants watered differently

Five lessons for five atoms, in Miss Salinas's class in San Antonio with Salma, Sienna and Samir.

Salma measures the flagpole's shadow every hour on a clear November day, and her prediction that it will still be 18 meters at lunchtime is wrong by noon, so L01 teaches that a shadow is long in the morning, shortest around the middle of the day, and long again in the afternoon.

She draws a chalk line along the shadow each hour and the lines fan across the yard, so L02 teaches that a shadow points away from the Sun and swings round steadily, from the west in the morning to the east in the afternoon.

Miss Salinas asks for the yard's hourly temperatures in one picture, so L03 teaches the line-graph routine on the class's own data: a title and two labels, a dot for each reading above its time, a straight line from each dot to the next, and only the dots were measured.

Then the capstone: the shadow record itself becomes a graph that dips in the middle, and the lowest dot is the shortest shadow (L04).

Last, Sienna's bird feeder sorts four weeks of counting and changing into experiments and observation studies, and the class's shadow record turns out to be an observation study, and still real science (L05).

The non-author review is applied (two must-fixes, both in drawings; twelve worth-fixings; one key changed with its redrawn figure); two cold readers then agreed with every key, and their flags are applied (a fan redrawn, one claim re-worded, "a fair test" out of the four-kind option set, four bank items retagged medium; no key letter moved). Pictures are placeholders until the picture pass; the seven-video batch is built, checked and not sent (Earth and Space waits for your go on the Grade 5 sample).

Questions for James

none — every call the review met is recorded below under "Applied without asking"; none would change what a student learns by your answer.

Applied without asking

8 Oct 2026, the non-author review and fix pass (REVIEW_G5T19_2026-10-08.md). The chalk-line fan's landmark chips had the parking lot south-east of the pole, so the 3 o'clock line pointed at the school while the article said "toward the parking lot": the school now sits where the noon line points, the fence and the parking lot where the 9 o'clock and 3 o'clock lines point. The bank's puddle-dots item was the quiz's cocoa-dots item with the nouns changed and the same green key: its dots are re-laid and the red dot is now right (the one key change). The strips of hourly side views had chips a phone could not read: the chips are bigger and the panels taller. "Pulled back" (intro) and "never jumps" (L02, and a bank distractor) are gone. L03 now says the numbers up the side start below the lowest reading as well as reaching the highest. L05 lost a line that repeated its caption. Five distractors no ten-year-old would pick were replaced by child-sized errors (L03-q2, PR-3, PP-5, PP-16, PP-47); PP-18's "one each hour" over a fan drawn at six uneven times is now "at different times of the day"; one bank key moved so B holds 16 of 47. Articles 286 / 259 / 348 / 259 / 362 words; every gate at its stated result; bundle re-cut to blind/2026-10-08-reviewed; batch rebuilt, not sent.

The author's calls the review read and kept: L03 constructs its graph on the hourly temperatures so the capstone keeps the shadow record (the register gives SPA5-003 the shadow graph); "experiment" and "observation study" both coined in L05 and both recalled by MCQ (one is often misspelled, the other is a phrase; the typed items are the produced numbers); L01 opens on Salma's quoted prediction (the one documented belief, and the lesson's point; the other four openers are the narrator's); the worked line "22 − 10 = 12 meters" (your bare-line form with the unit on the result); "from the west to the east" in the rule with northwest / northeast on the drawings and in the captions (a named simplification); the side view that draws the noon shadow to one side (the register scope says the side view asserts length and the Sun's height only; the plan view carries direction); the dataset symmetric about the noon reading although San Antonio's solar noon is about twenty past twelve (the pattern is exactly what the real yard shows; no student line claims the exact geometry).

The lessons

Everything to rule on is on the Needs James page → the lessons, the open questions and the question types, each a card with buttons

Also on the site

Topic intro and poll · summary and three questions · mixed practice · the PP100 bank · the type sheet

After you answer

Nothing is waiting on an answer. Two cold readers have agreed with every key; a short re-read of the adjudication's changed ids is the last gate before the pages stage; the picture pass starts on the six cartoon and one photo placeholders once the text is settled; the batch goes with the rest of Earth and Space after your go on the Grade 5 sample.

What the reviews found, and what changed

The guidance, questions, figures, accuracy and physics review (8 October, non-author)

The science is right and the order is right, the reviewer said; the side views put the Sun on the ray through the pole's top so height and length agree, the plan views draw the real bearings for the place and month within about five degrees, and every graph's dots sit on the values its hidden description lists. Two must-fixes, both drawings: the fan's landmark chips (the 3 o'clock line pointed at the school while the text said the parking lot) and a bank dots item that was the quiz item with the nouns changed and the same green key. Twelve worth-fixings: two figurative verbs ("pulled back", "never jumps"); the lowest-reading step in L03's routine; a repeated line in L05; the strips' unreadable chips; five silly distractors; a false "one each hour"; "jumps" in a distractor; a key letter over 35 %. Left as built, with reasons: the symmetric dataset, the side view's noon shadow, west / east in the rule against northwest / northeast on the drawings, the Sun glyph in a plan view, the item posts' shadows all to one side, the two long articles, the eight three-sentence beats, the page's figure sizing (Topic 18's table drawer), "6 in the evening" in a fixed set, a temperature axis from 40, "investigation" glossed, PP-7's "0 meters", the uncoined compass words. Keys changed: PP-24 (C → A with its redrawn figure). Bank MCQ keys A 12 · B 16 · C 9 · D 10. Every gate at its stated result; bundle re-cut to blind/2026-10-08-reviewed (108 MCQ, 4 numeric, 1 written, 2 multi; 115 held) with CHANGED_IDS.md; batch rebuilt and checked, not sent.

The blind read (two cold readers)

Two cold readers read the re-cut bundle (115 items) and agreed with every key: 0 MCQ disagreements, both multi-select sets right, all four numeric answers on-list. Their flags were applied in the adjudication (no key moved): the Nevada fan's two unlabelled lines redrawn so the noon line is due north and shortest and the 3 pm line copies no morning length; Samir's cocoa claim now says the cocoa was "measured" at 140 degrees at 5 minutes (the drawn line does pass through 140); "a fair test" — Grade 3's name for a test that changes one thing — left the four-kind option set, where it was a second right answer beside "an experiment"; "Select both." dropped from the two multi-select stems; PP-50's accept list widened; four SR5-006 bank items that are answered by matching "on purpose" retagged medium and moved to the medium block (old PP-49–52 → PP-40–43; old PP-40–48 → PP-44–52); new ⟂ draw constraints on the type sheet. The re-read of the changed ids is on blind/2026-10-08-adjudicated (CHANGED_IDS.md, ids only).

The bank, in brief

52 items in content/G5T19_pp100_bank.py: 47 four-option MCQs, 3 typed numbers read or worked off a drawn graph (7 meters, 12 meters, 4 hours) and 2 multi-selects. Per atom: SPA5-001 11 · SPA5-002 10 · SR5-022 10 · SPA5-003 10 · SR5-006 11. Easy 14, medium 29, hard 9, sorted easy to hard and rising with the atom's place. MCQ keys A 12 · B 16 · C 9 · D 10. Twenty-four question types, one exemplar each on the type sheet: the time of the shortest or longest shadow; the drawn three-panel post; the sentence that describes a day of shadows; which part of the day and which length could it be (from one reading, two, or a drawn table); which way the shadow points and where the Sun is; what goes along the bottom and up the side; the right-place dot and the wrong dot against its table; how many lines, the last step, what the line shows, what a wordless graph is missing; the fan's unlabelled lines; the order of the swing and the time from a short north shadow; the shortest time, a reading and the dot moves on drawn graphs and a bar graph; which kind of investigation, with the near miss; the claim-reason items on the three documented beliefs; the chained icicle item; the three typed graph reads; the two multi-selects; the change that turns a count into an experiment; the two terms from their definitions. Every scene is fresh against the lessons, the quizzes and the practice (the scene grep was re-run after the dots item was re-laid).

The records, in full

The review record (8 October 2026)

See REVIEW_G5T19_2026-10-08.md beside this file: the Role B checklist, the 35-row findings table with verdicts and what was done, the review-questions set-level reads, the author's calls read and kept, the article counts before and after, the gates after the fix pass, and the changed ids.

The build record (v1, with the review's v2 pointer section)

See BUILD_RECORD_G5T19.md beside this file: the structural decisions in place of a blueprint, the design-check-sequence records, the key strings, the L05 example sequence written out, the rules applied, the misconceptions used and the beliefs not stated, the checker results with every WARN answered, the recall bank, the judgement calls, what is owed, and the v2 section this review added.

Done: none open.