Skill: course-build → write-mcqs → write-explanation, design-check-sequence @ 58d971a
Topic 15 — Light and warmth — the PP100's seven question types, with their exemplars
Revised 28 Sep (night) after the non-author review (REVIEW_G3T15_2026-09-28.md, adjudicated in BUILD_RECORD_G3T15.md): type 1 now asks "Which thing is warm?" so ENE3-020 is tested alone (the student infers warm from gives-light); type 5 is counted under ENE3-033 with a 020 distractor; PP-6's accept list takes the topic's own "sunshine" and apostrophe forms; PP-7 no longer hands over "the sticks were moving" and accepts the full term only; the rubbing rule reads "When two things rub together, both get warmer." everywhere.
What this page is. James approves a bank's question TYPES before the bank is generated (vault: A bank is reviewed as its question types first, one exemplar each, 28 Sep 2026). This sheet writes the exemplars in full, exactly as they sit in content/G3T15.py (PP100, flagged TYPE_SHEET_ONLY). Seven types, seven exemplars, at most two types per atom; two of the seven are typed hard items (James, 28 Sep night: hard = text entry). No other bank item exists yet. Once the types stand, about fifty items are generated from them, varying scene and nouns, easy-heavy.
How to read a type line. Each says what the stem asks, what the options (or the typed answer) are, and gives its exemplar scene. Every MCQ has four options and a why (no per-option feedback in the bank). Tags follow depth of reasoning: easy = one-step fact or prediction; medium = the reason for a fresh case against the catalogued beliefs; hard = two ideas chained, typed. No option bundles a verdict with a reason; every stem is a positive question; no non-hard stem runs past two sentences; no bank item shows a reference card. Language: "heat" is never printed (Topic 11's ruling); light CARRIES energy; "mechanical energy" is Topic 11's term.
The seven types
| Type | Item | Atom | Tag | The stem asks… | The options / the typed answer are… | Exemplar scene |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PP-1 | ENE3-020 | easy | four things on a night-time table are named, untouched for an hour; which one is warm | four things from the scene; exactly one gives light, and the student infers it is the warm one (gives light → usually warm) | a lit lantern, a plate, a bottle of water, a spoon on a picnic table |
| 2 | PP-2 | ENE3-021 | easy | two named things are rubbed together, fast; what happens to them | four happenings: both colder / both the same / both warmer / one warmer and one colder | Matias and two wooden blocks |
| 3 | PP-3 | ENE3-033 | medium | a thing has stood in sunshine and is warm; why | four single-statement reasons; the key is the transfer sentence (the Sun's light carried energy to it); the distractors are "it makes its own warmth", "warm wind blew from the Sun" and "bright things are always warm" | a garden wall by noon |
| 4 | PP-4 | ENE3-021 | medium | rubbed hands warm up; why | four reasons; the key is that the moving hands gave some of their energy to the skin; the distractors are the catalogue's ENE-08 belief (the cold left), the air warmed them, warmth from nothing | Soledad's cold hands |
| 5 | PP-5 | ENE3-033 (with a 020 distractor) | medium | a lamp has been on for an hour and the book under it is warm; why is the book warm | four reasons; the key is that the lamp's light carried energy to the book; the distractors are "the book makes its own warmth", "the warm bulb touched the book" (the 020 fact misapplied) and "bright, so warm" | a desk lamp and a book |
| 6 | PP-6 | ENE3-033 | hard · TEXT | a wall faces the Sun all morning and gets warm, nothing touches it; what carries the energy from the Sun to the wall — type the name of the carrier | typed: light / the light / sunlight / the Sun's light …; most students will type "the Sun" (the source, not the carrier) | a wall in the morning sun |
| 7 | PP-7 | ENE3-021 + ENE3-004 (Topic 11, pair) | hard · TEXT | rubbed sticks warm up; what kind of energy did the moving sticks have — type the two words | typed: mechanical energy / the mechanical energy (the stem no longer says the sticks were moving — the student supplies that step) | Lorcan's two sticks |
Coverage (every atom alone, and the pairs)
| Atom | Types testing it alone | Pair types |
|---|---|---|
| ENE3-020 something that gives light is usually warm too | 1 | — (type 5 carries a 020 distractor) |
| ENE3-033 light carries energy | 3, 5, 6 (typed) | — |
| ENE3-021 rubbing warms things up | 2, 4 | 7 (with Topic 11's ENE3-004, mechanical energy) |
Two types per atom at most, no more. Order in the file: easy → medium → hard (PP-1 … PP-7). MCQ keys: B C A D B (five MCQs over four letters; B repeats once and clears as the bank grows). Typed items carry no key letter. Draw-one-per-test pairs for the generation step: PP-2 with PP-4 (both rubbing; different move); PP-3 with PP-6 (both a sunny wall; MCQ reason vs typed carrier — never the same wall in one test); PP-5 with L02-q5 (a lamp on a thing for an hour; the quiz asks what happens, the bank asks why). Draw constraints (⟂, the test builder reads these): PP-2 ⟂ PP-7 (PP-7's stem states a rubbed pair's outcome); PP-5 ⟂ PP-6 (PP-5's key names the carrier PP-6 asks for); PP-4 ⟂ PP-7 (PP-4's key is PP-7's first step); PP-7's typed term is printed in no other item's stem or options. Generator note: vary the lantern, the wall and the sticks — each already appears three or four times across the quizzes, the summary and this sheet.
The exemplars, in full
Type 1 — PP-1 · ENE3-020 · easy
Stem: On a picnic table at night sit a lit lantern, a plate, a bottle of water and a spoon, untouched for an hour. Which thing is warm?
- a) the plate
- b) the lit lantern ← key
- c) the bottle of water
- d) the spoon
Why: The lantern's flame gives light. / Something that gives light is usually warm too, and a flame is hot. / Nobody has touched the plate, the bottle or the spoon, and they give no light, so the lantern is the warm thing.
Easy because: one step — the student sees which thing gives light and infers that it is the warm one; a student who thinks light-givers are cool has no warm thing to pick.
Type 2 — PP-2 · ENE3-021 · easy
Stem: Matias rubs two wooden blocks together, fast, for a minute. What happens to the blocks?
- a) Both get colder.
- b) Both stay the same.
- c) Both get warmer. ← key
- d) One gets warmer and one gets colder.
Why: The two blocks rub against each other. / When two things rub together, both get warmer. / So both blocks get warmer.
Type 3 — PP-3 · ENE3-033 · medium
Stem: A garden wall stands in the sunshine all morning, and by noon it is warm. Why is the wall warm?
- a) The Sun's light carried energy to the wall. ← key
- b) The wall makes its own warmth in the daytime.
- c) Warm wind blew from the Sun onto the wall.
- d) The wall is white, and white things are always warm.
Why: The Sun's light lands on the wall. / Light carries energy from its source to whatever it lands on. / The wall gets that energy all morning, so the wall is warm.
Medium because: the reason is the transfer sentence applied to a fresh scene, against three catalogued beliefs (the thing warms itself; warmth arrives on the wind; white things are warm — false by Topic 14). Every option is one statement of the same shape.
Type 4 — PP-4 · ENE3-021 · medium
Stem: Soledad rubs her cold hands together, fast, and they warm up. Why do her hands warm up?
- a) The cold left her hands and went into the air.
- b) The air around her hands warmed them.
- c) Her hands made warmth out of nothing.
- d) Her moving hands gave the skin some energy. ← key
Why: Soledad's hands were moving. / A moving thing has mechanical energy. / The moving hands gave some of that energy to the skin where they rub, so her hands warmed up; there is no such thing as cold leaving them.
Medium because: the key rests on two ideas (a moving thing has mechanical energy; the moving hands gave some of it to the skin) against the ENE-08 belief in option a and the "warmth from nothing" belief in option c.
Type 5 — PP-5 · ENE3-033 (with a 020 distractor) · medium
Stem: A desk lamp has been on for an hour, and the book under it is warm. Why is the book warm?
- a) The book makes its own warmth.
- b) The lamp's light carried energy to the book. ← key
- c) The warm bulb touched the book.
- d) The book is bright, so it must be warm.
Why: The lamp's light lands on the book. / Light carries energy from its source to whatever it lands on. / The book gets that energy for an hour, so the book is warm.
Medium because: the lamp is warm (020) AND the book under it is warm (033), and the student must pick the light's carrying over "the warm bulb touched it" — the 020 fact misapplied to a thing the bulb never touched.
Type 6 — PP-6 · ENE3-033 · hard · TEXT
Stem: A wall faces the Sun all morning and gets warm. Nothing touches the wall. What carries the energy from the Sun to the wall? Type the name of the carrier.
Accept: light · the light · sunlight · the sunlight · sun light · the sun light · sunshine · the sunshine · sun shine · the sun shine · the sun's light · sun's light (straight and curly apostrophe) · the suns light · suns light · its light · the light from the sun · light from the sun
Why: The Sun's light travels to the wall and lands on it. / Light carries energy from its source to whatever it lands on. / So the light carries the energy from the Sun to the wall, and the wall warms up.
Hard because: two steps — the student must know the wall warmed because energy arrived, then name the CARRIER rather than the source (most will type "the Sun"); the answer is typed, and the stem prints neither "light" nor "sunlight". The stem's four sentences are within the hard tag (sweep S23).
Type 7 — PP-7 · ENE3-021 + ENE3-004 (Topic 11) · hard · TEXT
Stem: Lorcan rubs two sticks together, fast, and the sticks warm up. What kind of energy did the moving sticks have? Type the two words.
Accept: mechanical energy · the mechanical energy
Why: The sticks were moving. / A moving thing has mechanical energy. / The moving sticks gave some of that mechanical energy to the places that rubbed, so the sticks warmed up.
Cold-read note for James: an untaught reader offered "movement energy" and "kinetic energy"; the course's students have met only "mechanical energy" (Topic 11), so the item stands as typed recall of the taught term.
Hard because: two atoms chained across topics — the student supplies that the rubbing sticks were moving, so they had mechanical energy (Topic 11's ENE3-004), and that this is the energy the rubbing gave to the sticks (021); the term is typed and printed nowhere on the sheet.
Reading notes for the review
- The verdict-and-reason option form is not used anywhere. Claims in the topic are bare yes / no in the lesson quizzes and practice (Ottilie no · Ludo yes · Efua no · Obi yes · Tomek no · Sigrid yes · Amadou no · Kwabena yes — four TRUE, four false), never in the bank.
- Typed accept lists hold the lesson's words and their natural typed forms; no synonym the lesson did not teach ("heat" is not accepted anywhere, because it is never taught).
- Scenes here are fresh against the lessons (the desk lamp and finger; the candle; the campfire; the Sun and the field; the glow stick; the bike seat in sun and shade; the curtain stripe; the lamp and stone; the cat; the rubbed hands; the eraser; the stick and log), against the lesson quizzes and against the practice set. PP-5's lamp-on-a-thing shares a scene KIND with L02-q5 (the duck) on a different move (why, not what) and is a draw-one-per-test pair with it.
- Not planned: any multi-select; none of these answers is a set. No numeric item: nothing in the topic is a number.
- Names used in this topic: Ottilie, Ludo, Tadeo, Ailsa (L01); Efua, Obi (L02); Ximena (L03 gate), Kaveh, Nkechi, Elske, Runa, Tomek, Sigrid (L03); Oona, Bastien, Amadou, Kwabena (practice); Dorota (summary); Matias, Soledad, Lorcan (bank). One name, one student. Checked by grep against every other topic's content and records files: none collides.