Skill: course-build → write-mcqs @ df153ae · v2 (2 October 2026, reviews applied): write-mcqs @ b0fa825
Topic 4 — question types in the PP100 bank, one exemplar each (2 October 2026, v2)
James reviews a bank as its question TYPES first, one exemplar each (vault: 50 Decisions/A bank is reviewed as its question types first, one exemplar each.md). This sheet lists the nine types the Grade 4 Topic 4 bank runs on and prints one exemplar per type in full as it ships in content/G4T04_pp100_bank.py. Item ids are the bank's positions (PP-1 … PP-52), renumbered in v2 (the old → new map is in BUILD_RECORD_G4T04.md, v2 section). Every bank item carries type_, its number below. Typed items are starred. v2: type 10 (the multi-select) was cut on the guidance review (it was the wire fact by elimination); the term-recall type (2) now describes a case and asks what we call one thing in it, so no MCQ prints the rule a typed item asks for; the Sun's carrier is never asked as an MCQ.
One cluster. The topic is one PP100 cluster of three atoms (ENE4-001 → 002 → 003, capstone 003). Items per atom: 17 · 18 · 17. Tiers: 19 easy · 20 medium · 13 hard (7 typed, 6 four-option MCQs). The hard tier recalls every coined term (giver, receiver, carrier) and three of the four carrier names by typing; "electricity" (eleven letters) is never typed.
The bar list (real things a generated bank must never use because they break a taught claim): light, sound and electricity are never "a form of energy" in any option; the Sun is never called the source of all energy (Grade 3's atom); "radiation" is never said; no non-US animal; the heater, the desk lamp, the drum, the lunch bell and the mug are the lessons' own things and never appear as a bank scene; no headache character (Bennett, Blake, Brady, Miss Murphy) appears in a bank item — claim-makers are "a girl" / "a boy"; no insulator (a scarf, a blanket) is named as a giver; no item asks the student to choose light against heat for the Sun; accept lists hold the taught carrier names and their misspellings only.
The nine types
| # | Question type | Exemplar | Items | Count | Hard end |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pick the giver (or the receiver) of a described transfer; the two things and two bystanders as options. | PP-3 | PP-3–9, PP-20, PP-21 | 9 | none — easy and medium MCQ |
| 2 | Name the role of one thing in a described case: giver / receiver / carrier (and "the cord") as options. | PP-1 | PP-1, PP-2, PP-10 | 3 | none — easy |
| 3 | Name the carrier of a described transfer whose giver and receiver are named and whose receiver's change is stated; the fixed set sound / light / heat / electricity. | PP-11 | PP-11–15, PP-24–27, PP-29–31 | 12 | none — easy and medium |
| 4 | Parse the sentence: which word names the giver / receiver / carrier; the sentence's own words as options. | PP-23 | PP-23, PP-28 | 2 | none — medium |
| 5 | Pick the one transfer among four that crosses a gap / touches / needs a wire / is heat across a gap. | PP-17 | PP-17, PP-18, PP-33, PP-37, PP-51 | 5 | PP-51 (hard: four carriers read before the pick) |
| 6 | The true sentence about a described case of touching or a gap, or the carrier a fact names. | PP-16 | PP-16, PP-19, PP-32, PP-34, PP-36, PP-38 | 6 | none — easy and medium |
| 7 | A claim is fixed as wrong in the stem; pick the sentence that shows it. | PP-22 | PP-22, PP-35, PP-39, PP-48, PP-52 | 5 | PP-48, PP-52 |
| 8 | Chain: a receiver that is now the giver; two moves to one receiver; two carriers across one gap. | PP-42 | PP-42, PP-49, PP-50 | 3 | all hard |
| 9 | Type the role word or the carrier's name for a described transfer, or the term from its meaning. | PP-40* | PP-40, PP-41, PP-43–47 | 7 | all hard, all typed |
The exemplars, in full
Type 1 — PP-3 (easy, ENE4-001). A hair dryer blows, and a girl's wet hair warms up. Which thing is the giver?
Options: her hair · the hair dryer · the mirror · the comb.
Why: The giver is the thing the energy comes from. The energy came from the hair dryer, and her hair warmed up. So the hair dryer is the giver, and her hair is the receiver.
Nearest lesson-side instance: L01 q1 (the toaster and the bread — the same move on a kitchen thing). Fresh scene kind: a hair dryer and hair.
Type 2 — PP-1 (easy, ENE4-001). A hot waffle iron warms the batter poured onto it. What do we call the waffle iron here?
Options: the giver · the receiver · the carrier · the cord.
Why: When energy moves, the thing it comes from is the giver. The energy came from the hot waffle iron, and the batter warmed up. So the waffle iron is the giver, and the batter is the receiver.
Nearest lesson-side instance: L01 q10 (the bonfire term item, two options). Here a case is described and the three role words plus a bystander are the options; the rule sentence is not printed (v2 — the blind read found PP-1 handing PP-42 its answer).
Type 3 — PP-11 (easy, ENE4-002). Energy moves from a wall outlet along a cord to a microwave, and the microwave runs. Which carrier moves it?
Options: sound · light · heat · electricity.
Why: Electricity carries energy along wires to whatever is plugged in. The cord is a wire from the outlet to the microwave. So the carrier is electricity.
Nearest lesson-side instance: L02 q5 (the outlet and the kettle). Fresh scene kind: a microwave. v2: every carrier stem names the receiver's change.
Type 4 — PP-23 (medium, ENE4-001). In the sentence 'The oven's heat warms the pizza,' which word names the receiver?
Options: oven · heat · warms · pizza.
Why: The receiver is the thing the energy goes to. The energy goes to the pizza, and the pizza warms up. So 'pizza' names the receiver; 'oven' names the giver, and 'heat' names the carrier.
Nearest lesson-side instance: none (no quiz item parses a sentence); the move is Grade 3 Topic 1's "which part of the sentence" form.
Type 5 — PP-17 (easy, ENE4-003). In which of these does energy move across a gap?
Options: A ceiling light lights the table below it. · A hot pan warms the hand holding it. · A hot plate warms the pot on it. · A heating pad warms a back.
Why: The ceiling light hangs above the table, so the two do not touch, and light carries the energy across the gap. In the other three, the giver and the receiver touch.
Nearest lesson-side instance: L03 q3 (the searchlight and the clouds, yes / no). Here the student picks the gap case out of four. v2: the warm scarf (an insulator, not a giver) became the hot plate; the streetlamp (its pole stands on the road) became a ceiling light.
Type 6 — PP-16 (easy, ENE4-003). A boy on a hill sees the lights of the town far below. Which sentence is true?
Options: No energy moved, because nothing touched the boy. · The energy moved along the ground to him. · The boy's eyes gave energy to the lights. · Energy moved from the town's lights to his eyes across a gap.
Why: The boy sees the lights, so energy reached his eyes. The lights and his eyes do not touch, and light carried the energy across the gap. Energy can move between two things that are not touching.
Nearest lesson-side instance: PR-9 (Blake's claim, yes / no). v2: the bare "Which sentence is true?" with the rule as its key was re-instanced as a case, so it no longer hands PP-35, PP-39 and PP-48 their answers.
Type 7 — PP-22 (medium, ENE4-001). A girl says a rock in the Sun cannot be a receiver, because a rock is not alive. Which sentence shows she is wrong?
Options: The Sun's light carries energy to the rock, and the rock warms up. · The rock gives its energy to the Sun. · Only living things can warm up. · The rock carries the energy to the ground.
Why: The receiver is the thing the energy goes to, alive or not. The Sun's light carries energy to the rock, and the rock warms up. So the rock is a receiver.
Nearest lesson-side instance: L01 q11 (Brady's claim, yes / no — catalogue ENE-01). The bank form fixes the verdict and asks for the reason (James, 28 Sep 2026: no verdict and reason in one option). v2: "Rocks are alive." (a silly distractor) became "Only living things can warm up." (the belief itself).
Type 8 — PP-42 (hard, ENE4-001). A campfire heats a stone. Later the fire is out, and a camper sits on the still-warm stone and warms up. Which thing is the giver?
Options: the stone · the fire · the camper · the ground.
Why: The giver is the thing the energy comes from now. The fire is out, and the camper warms up on the still-warm stone, so the energy comes from the stone. So the stone is the giver, even though it was the receiver when the fire heated it.
Hard because: the fire that heated the stone is out, so the student must see that the warm stone is now the giver. v2: the stem no longer spells out the two moves.
Type 9 — PP-40\* (hard, ENE4-001, typed). A hot stone warms the lizard lying on it. Type the word for what the lizard is here.
Accept: receiver · the receiver · a receiver · receivers · reciever · the reciever · recever · receever · reseever · receiver of energy · the receiver of energy · receiver of the energy · the receiver of the energy.
Why: The thing the energy goes to is called the receiver. The stone's heat carries energy to the lizard, and the lizard warms up. So the lizard is the receiver.
Hard because: the role word is produced by recall, on a living receiver. v2: the carrier-name items of this type (PP-44–46) accept the carrier's name and its misspellings only — no "heat energy", "warmth" or "noise".
Key letters and order
Four-option MCQ keys: A 12 · B 12 · C 10 · D 11 (45 items; no letter over 27 %; no four keys alternate). The bank is sorted easy → medium → hard; within the easy block ENE4-001 leads, within the hard block ENE4-003 leads (depth of reasoning rises with the atom's place in the topic, S31). Draw constraints (⟂): PP-16 ⟂ PP-32, PP-38 (three "which sentence is true" gap cases); PP-17 ⟂ PP-33 (both pick a gap case from four); PP-19 ⟂ PP-34, PP-48, PP-51 (the wire rule); PP-35 ⟂ PP-39 (claims defeated by "carries energy across a gap"); PP-37 ⟂ PP-51 (which move needs a wire); PP-43 ⟂ PP-41 and PP-47 ⟂ PP-10 (a term's meaning typed after a case names the role).