Skill: course-build → write-mcqs → write-explanation, design-check-sequence @ e23b67f (v3, 2 Oct 2026: Reader C's full re-read applied; v2 @ fb37d14, 2 Oct 2026: the blind read and the two reviews applied; v1 @ df153ae)

v3 note (2 Oct 2026). Reader C agreed every key over 135 items. Three bank items changed, none of them an exemplar's printed text: PP-49's fourth option now sits in the same frame as the other three ("None of these alone does the whole job for the town."); PP-24's card caption adds ", fed by a gas pipe" so the blue flame is not the only clue; PP-09's stem reads "tiny sea living things, long ago". PP-52's why says "plant", not "station". The ⟂ list stands; L03-q8 is now Jake's TRUE claim, so PP-42 (Monica, plants nonrenewable) no longer sits against a Monica line saying the opposite.

Topic 29 — Which energy resources nature can replace — the PP100's question types, with their exemplars

What this page is. James reads a bank as its question TYPES first (vault: A bank is reviewed as its question types first, one exemplar each). Under the Grade 4 standing brief the bank is built straight away (52 items in content/G4T29_pp100_bank.py); this sheet is the way in. Each type line says what the stem asks, what the four options (or the three-option set, or the accept list) are, and prints one exemplar in full. Tags follow depth of reasoning — easy = one fact or a one-step sort; medium = the rule applied to a fresh case, a reason picked, a drawn use card sorted, a set of two picked by one question, or a stated fact classified in the weigh-up; hard = a claim judged by its correct reason, two ideas chained, or a resource produced from its mark — and rise with the atom's order: EAR4-090 (renewable) carries easy items and two medium; EAR4-094 (nonrenewable) easy and medium; EAR4-091 (the sort) runs easy to hard; EAR4-092 (the mark) one easy, then medium and hard; EAR4-093 (the capstone weigh-up) medium and hard only. Every hard item carries a one-line "hard because" (hb) in the bank file. v2 changes (2 Oct 2026): "energy source" → "energy resource" and "power station" → "power plant" in every string (the sort set is now renewable / nonrenewable / not an energy resource); Morgan → Jake; the coal-train card (Topic 28's scene) is a dump truck at a mine in Colorado; the panels card draws a barn, as its caption said; the three typed items lead with the MARK ("A field … that was only grass is now a row of tall towers with turning blades. Type the energy resource whose use leaves this mark.") and no typed stem prints a word of its accept list; the multi-select and the two dam weigh-up classifications are retagged medium and moved to the end of the medium block (stable re-sort: PP-37, 38, 39); the fuels' origins are in Topic 28's words; plants' time is "some years"; five key tells trimmed (PP-28 "a covered field"; PP-41 "Electricity carries energy from a resource to the lamp."; PP-46 "The turbines stand across a field that was grass."; PP-47 "Burning logs still puts smoke into the air."; PP-51 "A coal power plant runs day and night."); PP-9's time options run longest first so no four keys in a row share a letter.

Rulings already applied. Four options on every MCQ except the nine sort items, which carry a declared THREE-option set — renewable / nonrenewable / not an energy resource — because the sort has two honest bins and a third honest answer (electricity goes in neither; a recycled can is not a resource), and each of the three is a real key somewhere (PP100_THREE_OPTION_SETS, as Topic 19's family sort did; S11 accepts it with a WARN and James's call stands open); no option bundles a verdict with its reason (every claim is recast as "X is wrong to say … What is the correct reason?" with four single-statement reasons); every stem is a positive question of at most two sentences unless tagged hard (S23); an item card's blind text names what is drawn and the caption, never the bin (grep of the bundle's [Drawing: lines for renewable | nonrenewable | keeps up | runs out | mark → 0 hits); "renewable", "nonrenewable", "advantage" and "disadvantage" are recalled by MCQ (RECALL_BY_MCQ: nine- and twelve-letter words); the three typed keys are RESOURCES produced from their marks (wind, moving water, sunlight: lexicon words, spellable, child spellings in the accept lists); one multi-select, where the answer is genuinely a set (medium); every item names ONE atom; US spelling; units as words in prose. check_key_tells.py → KEY TELLS: 0 of 131 MCQs flagged (the sort set and the ordered time set declared in KEY_TELL_EXEMPT_SETS). Four-option keys A 7 · B 10 · C 12 · D 10 (39 MCQs); three-option set keys renewable 4 · nonrenewable 4 · not an energy resource 1. Easy 15 · medium 24 · hard 13.

The bar list (real things a generated item must never use): the words pollution, climate, carbon dioxide, greenhouse, global warming (grade 6-8's, or words a nine-year-old takes as doom; "fossil fuel" is said once in L02 and is keyed on by no item); any death, illness, flood that drowns people, oil spill with dying animals, or person in danger (James: nothing frightening — a mark is smoke, a mine, a flooded valley, a field of turbines); "nuclear", "geothermal", "biofuel", "ethanol", "hydroelectric", "solar power" as a resource name (the seven TEKS words only: wind, moving water, sunlight, plants, coal, oil, natural gas; "solar panels" is the THING, never the resource); "energy source", "power station" (the course words are energy resource, power plant); animals as an energy resource (Grade 3's EAR3-040 has wool and leather); a renewable resource running out or a nonrenewable fuel "gone next year" except as the belief a claim item corrects; any lesson scene (Nathan's class on the school trip to the Texas wind farm, the school roof panels, the family stove, Monica's grandpa and the West Virginia mine, the board and its two boxes, Jake's glass bottle and the recycling bin, the poster, the town's two drawings, the intro's house with its furnace and car); any quiz scene (the Kansas ranch windmill and the turbines-on-a-ranch card, the Arizona bus shelter, the Oregon dam, the Georgia pines, the Iowa turbine, the Maryland coal truck, the Pennsylvania gas well, the Illinois mine, the Oklahoma oil well, the Montana dam card, the Nevada gasoline pump card, the Michigan cabin stove card, the lawn mower, the Minnesota furnace, the North Carolina coal plant, the toaster, the reading lamp, the glass jar, the old newspaper, the Kentucky and Ohio coal plants, the Tennessee dam, the Utah panel field, the Vermont cabin logs, the Wisconsin cabin stove, the Idaho dam, the New Mexico oil pump, the library roof); any practice scene (the kitchen table, the blueberries, the lawn watering, the Michigan sailing club, the Ohio River boat, the New Hampshire dam, the Arkansas valley, the South Dakota wind farm); Topic 28's scenes (Maria's Wyoming car trip and its coal train, the Oklahoma oil truck, the Michigan school furnace); a claim-maker from another topic's row (only Monica, Jake and Nathan); "biggest / smallest" for a time or an amount (longest, most).

The fourteen types (fewer would be better; the topic has five atoms, two coins and a capstone, so the count is what it is)

Hard because — type 9: the mark leads and the resource is produced, not picked. Type 12: each claim is judged by its correct reason, which needs the lesson's idea held against the belief (the coined meaning against Grade 3's recycling; Topic 4's electricity sentence against the outlet; a lifetime against some years; the every-resource-leaves-a-mark rule against "renewable"; the every-resource-has-both rule against a one-sided resource). Type 14: two ideas chained (an advantage matched to a wish while a disadvantage is covered; two disadvantages against two wishes; a disadvantage applied to a situation).

One exemplar per type, in full (v2 numbering)

Type 1 (easy, EAR4-090; PP-1). Turbines off the coast of Massachusetts use the wind all week. What happens to the wind the next week? — It blows again. / It is gone for good. / It comes back only after millions of years. / It comes back only if people make more. Why: Nature makes more wind by tomorrow, however much the turbines use today. So the next week the wind blows again. (nearest lesson-side instance: L01-q2, the Kansas windmill, yes / no — here the outcome is picked among four)

Type 2 (medium, EAR4-090; PP-16). Which sentence says why sunlight is renewable? — Sunlight feels warm on your skin on a summer day. / Old panels can be recycled into new panels. / The Sun shines again every day. / Sunlight comes from very far away in space. (nearest: L01-q7, about how fast nature makes more of the four — here the reason sentence is picked for one resource)

Type 3 (easy, EAR4-094; PP-7). About how long does nature take to make more coal? — by tomorrow / in about a year / in about eighty years / in millions of years. (nearest: L02-q2, the same ask for oil with three options; the set here is the ordered four)

Type 4 (medium, EAR4-094; PP-19). There is still a lot of coal under the ground in Wyoming. Which of these is true about that coal? — Every ton dug up is one ton fewer. / It will all be gone by next year. / Nature makes more of it every single year. / It grows back in the mine like a plant. (nearest: L02-q8, Jake's gas-stations claim as yes / no — here the true statement is picked among the beliefs)

Type 5 (easy, EAR4-091; PP-11). A delivery van burns gasoline, which is made from oil. Which group does oil go in? — renewable / nonrenewable / not an energy resource. (nearest: L03-q5, gasoline for a lawn mower, two options — here the set is the declared three)

Type 6 (medium, EAR4-091, drawn; PP-23). Here is a card. Which group does its energy resource go in? — figure pp_use_truck (a dump truck whose open back is heaped with black lumps; caption "a dump truck at a mine in Colorado") — renewable / nonrenewable / not an energy resource. (nearest: L03-q2, the Nevada gasoline pump card; every card is a different thing in use)

Type 7 (medium, EAR4-091; PP-26). A lamp in a Colorado kitchen is plugged into the wall. Which group does the electricity in the wire go in? — renewable / nonrenewable / not an energy resource. (nearest: L04-q4, Nathan's outlet claim as yes / no — here the third option is the genuine key)

Type 8 (medium, EAR4-092; PP-29). Which of these leaves a mark on the land but puts no smoke into the air? — a wind farm / a coal power plant / a wood stove / a truck burning gasoline. (nearest: L05-q5, the clearer-air why item — here two marks are held together to pick one thing)

Type 9 (hard, EAR4-092, typed; PP-43). A valley behind a new dam becomes a lake, so people can make electricity. Type the energy resource the dam uses. — accept: moving water, water, the water, a river, the river, river, rivers, river water, flowing water, running water, movng water, watter … Hard because: the mark leads the stem and the resource is produced from it, not picked. (nearest: L05-q3, the Tennessee dam's mark picked among three — the direction is reversed here, mark → resource)

Type 10 (medium, EAR4-093; PP-33). Which of these is a disadvantage of making electricity from moving water at a dam? — The dam makes electricity day and night. / Rain fills the river again. / The dam is very strong. / The valley above the dam becomes a lake. (nearest: L06-q3, an advantage of a dam among three — here the disadvantage among four)

Type 11 (medium, EAR4-093; PP-38). A town lists this about its new dam: the valley above it becomes a lake. In a weigh-up, what is this? — an advantage / a disadvantage / a renewable resource / a nonrenewable resource. (nearest: L06-q11, "turbines turn only when the wind blows: for wind, what is this?" among three)

Type 12 (hard, EAR4-091; PP-40). Jake is wrong to say a soda can is a renewable resource because it can be recycled. What is the correct reason? — Soda cans cannot be recycled, so the can is nonrenewable. / Renewable means nature makes more; recycling is what people do. / Renewable means a thing can be burned to make electricity. / A soda can is too small and too light to count as a resource. Hard because: the coined word's meaning is held against a look-alike word from Grade 3. (nearest: L04-q3, Jake's glass jar as bare yes / no)

Type 13 (medium, EAR4-091, multi; PP-37). Select the TWO resources that are nonrenewable. — sunlight / natural gas / moving water / coal. (nearest: L03-q9, which one of four is nonrenewable)

Type 14 (hard, EAR4-093; PP-52). Town A builds a wind farm, and Town B builds a natural gas power plant. On a still night, which town's new plant makes electricity? — Town A / Town B / both towns / neither town. Hard because: a resource's disadvantage is applied to a stated situation to predict an outcome. (nearest: L06-q6, why panels alone will not do the whole job — here two resources and a situation)

Design-move inventory (move · scene kind · nearest earlier item)

The bank's 52 moves against the lesson side (L01 10 quiz items, L02 11, L03 9, L04 7, L05 10, L06 11; 6 attached, 3 summary, 16 practice; the lessons' own cases: the school-trip wind farm, the school roof, the dam's river, the family logs (L01); the West Virginia mine, oil, natural gas, the lifetime bar (L02); the board's seven cards (L03); the bottle, the toaster's electricity (L04); the poster, the coal plant and its mine, the flooded valley, the school roof panels (L05); the town's wind farm and gas plant (L06); the intro's house):

• Type 1 (4): what happens after use — four fresh scenes, one per renewable resource. Nearest: L01-q2 / q3 / q4 / q5 (yes / no or three options). Same fact by design; the four-outcome form is the bank's.
• Type 2 (4): which is renewable; why — the four-resource list twice (wind; sunlight), two reason-sentence items (sunlight; a dam). Nearest: L01-q7, PR-4. The reason-sentence form is new.
• Type 3 (4): how long nature takes — coal, Louisiana oil, the sea living things' time, the four-resource list. Nearest: L02-q2, L02-q5, PR-5. Same fact by design; the ordered four-way set is the bank's.
• Type 4 (4): once used up; the coal still there; the reason — a Montana mine, a North Dakota farm, Wyoming's coal, coal's reason. Nearest: L02-q4 (Illinois mine), L02-q8 (Jake's claim), L02-q9 (oil's reason), the L02 attached (an Oklahoma well). Same move by design (the fact); the Wyoming "still a lot" item is the bank's own.
• Type 5 (4): sort a named resource in use — a van's gasoline, Wyoming turbines, a school water heater, Nebraska corn stalks. Nearest: L03-q5 / q6 / q7, PR-6 / PR-7. The fluency run by design; every thing in use is new.
• Type 6 (4): sort a drawn card — four cards the quiz does not use (barn panels, a coal dump truck, blue flames, a mill wheel). Nearest: L03-q1–q4 (turbines, pump, dam, stove cards). Same move by design; no render shared; the truck is this topic's own scene (Topic 28's coal train is not reused).
• Type 7 (1): electricity in neither group — a Colorado lamp. Nearest: L04-q4 (Nathan's outlet), L04-q5 (the reading lamp: where the energy came from — a different ask). The third option as key is the bank's.
• Type 8 (6): the mark — an Indiana plant, a Missouri dam, a Nevada panel field, which-leaves-a-mark-but-no-smoke, which-leaves-a-mine, which-puts-smoke. Nearest: L05-q2 / q3 / q4 / q9, PR-8 / PR-9. Same moves by design on fresh places; the two which-of-four items are new forms.
• Type 9 (3): resource from mark, typed — a valley become a lake, a Nebraska field of tall towers, a Delaware barn roof. Nearest: none on the lesson side asks mark → resource.
• Type 10 (4): an advantage or a disadvantage picked — wind, a dam, natural gas for heating, gasoline engines. Nearest: L06-q3 / q4 / q5 / q10, PR-11, SUMMARY-Q3. Same move by design; four single statements each.
• Type 11 (3): the word; a fact classified — a bad side's name, a dam's lake, a dam's electricity. Nearest: L06-q2 / q11, PR-15 / PR-16.
• Type 12 (7): claims by their correct reason — the seven documented beliefs, each on a fresh scene (a soda can, an outlet, a tree, a wind farm, logs, wind, coal). Nearest: L01-q9, L03-q8, L04-q3 / q4 / q7, L05-q6 / q7 / q8, L06-q7 / q8 / q9 (all bare yes / no). Same beliefs by design (the misconception rows ask for the belief in a lesson item AND a bank item); every bank form is the reason form.
• Type 13 (1): a set — the four-resource list. Nearest: L03-q9 (one of four).
• Type 14 (3): chains — a windy coast, two wishes, two towns. Nearest: none chains two ideas on the lesson side; L06-q6 is one step.

⟂ draw constraints (an item that prints another's answer; near-duplicate pairs) — v2 numbering

• Type 3's four time items (PP-7, 8, 9, 20) ⟂ each other (one fact, millions of years) and ⟂ type 4's PP-10 and PP-21 (which print "millions of years" in a key) — draw at most two of the eight in one test. (blind read: PP-20 ⟂ PP-8 ⟂ PP-11.)
• Type 2's four-resource lists (PP-5, PP-6) ⟂ type 13's multi-select (PP-37) and type 3's PP-20 (each lists the same four resources with the odd one out) — draw one. (blind read: PP-21 ⟂ PP-20 ⟂ PP-23 ⟂ PP-37.)
• Type 5 and type 6 sort items ⟂ type 12's three EAR4-091 claims (PP-40, 41, 42) and type 13 (PP-37): a sort item's key is a claim's premise. Draw at most three EAR4-091 items per test, no two on the same resource. (blind read: PP-42 ⟂ PP-14 — Monica's tree claim prints the corn-stalks sort's answer.)
• Type 7 (PP-26, electricity, the third option) ⟂ type 12's outlet claim (PP-41, which states the key: electricity carries energy from a resource). Draw one. (blind read: PP-41 ⟂ PP-26.)
• Type 8's Nevada panel field (PP-28) and Missouri dam (PP-27) ⟂ type 9's typed sunlight (PP-45) and moving water (PP-43) items and ⟂ type 10's dam disadvantage (PP-33) and type 11's dam lake (PP-38): the mark named in one is the answer of the other. Draw at most one dam item and one panels item per test, and never a type 8 item BEFORE a type 9 item on the same resource. (blind read: PP-33 ⟂ PP-38.)
• Type 11's definition item (PP-36) ⟂ its two dam classifications (PP-38, 39): the stem of PP-36 prints "advantage" as the name of a good side. Draw one of the three. (blind read: PP-36 ⟂ PP-38 ⟂ PP-39.)
• Type 12's wind-farm-no-mark claim (PP-46) ⟂ type 8's "mark on the land but no smoke" item (PP-29) and ⟂ type 10's wind advantage (PP-32, "no smoke") — draw one of the three. (blind read: PP-15 ⟂ PP-31 ⟂ PP-35 — three items whose key is "smoke": draw one.)
• Type 12's coal-no-advantage claim (PP-51) ⟂ type 14's windy coast (PP-48, natural gas "for still nights") and two-towns (PP-52) items: "runs day and night" is the key of all three. Draw one.
• Type 12's wind-no-disadvantage claim (PP-50) ⟂ type 14's two-towns item (PP-52), type 10's wind advantage (PP-32) and type 11's turbine item on the lesson side: "turn only when the wind blows". Draw one. (blind read: PP-32 ⟂ PP-50.)
• Near-duplicate pairs: type 1's four items are one move — draw two at most; type 6's four cards are one move — draw one per test; type 11's two dam items (PP-38, 39) are a pair — draw one.