Skill: course-build → write-mcqs → write-explanation, design-check-sequence @ efd8fba · v2 fix pass (reviews applied) Skill: write-mcqs → write-explanation, review-figures (author re-render) @ e23b67f · v3 polish (Reader C's re-read applied) Skill: write-mcqs → write-explanation @ e23b67f

Topic 33 — Parts and their jobs, inside animals and plants — the PP100's question types, with their exemplars (v3, 2 October 2026 — the three reviews and Reader C's re-read applied; Ruben is now Dean, Victor is now Victor)

In one line: 53 items — 43 four-option MCQs, 8 typed, 2 order items; fifteen types; LIF4-001 19 items (12 easy, 4 medium, 3 hard), LIF4-002 17 (5 / 7 / 5), LIF4-003 17 (0 / 8 / 9); MCQ keys A 11 · B 11 · C 10 · D 11; check_key_tells.py → KEY TELLS: 0 of 86 MCQs flagged (the fixed sets JOB4, JOB4_ING, PART4, HELP4 sit under two or more items each; the attached questions' three-option gerund set is declared in KEY_TELL_EXEMPT_SETS).

What this page is. James reads a bank as its question TYPES first (vault: A bank is reviewed as its question types first, one exemplar each). Under the Grade 4 standing brief the bank is built straight away (content/G4T33_pp100_bank.py); this sheet is the way in. Each type line says what the stem asks, what the four options (or the accept list) are, and prints one exemplar in full. Tags follow depth of reasoning — easy = one fact or a one-step match; medium = the rule applied to a fresh case, a reason picked, a drawn table or card read, an order picked; hard = two ideas chained, a claim judged by its correct reason, a missing step found, or a word produced — and rise with the atom's position (LIF4-001 mostly easy, LIF4-003 medium and hard only).

Rulings already applied. Four options on every MCQ (four fixed sets: JOB4 "pumps blood all round the body / takes in air / mashes up food / decides what to do"; JOB4_ING, its gerund form "pumping blood all round the body / taking in air / mashing up food / deciding what to do", used only under the job-cell table item because the item tables' cells are gerunds (v2: one grammatical number for every part, so no cell's verb points at the one plural option); PART4 "the heart / the lungs / the stomach / the brain"; HELP4 "This part reaches water far down. / This part stores water. / This part keeps water in. / This part keeps animals away."; each set turned so the key lands on a different letter); every claim item is "X is wrong to say … What is the correct reason?" with four single-statement reasons and no verdict-plus-reason option; the hard tier is typed where typing produces (the part named from its job, 4–7 letters each, generous accept lists with article, plural and child-spelling forms; v3 rulings on Reader C's questions: "tummy" accepted for the stomach; "spikes", "prickles" and "thorns" accepted for spines, "needles" not (a pine's leaves; its own feedback line); "trunk" and "body" not accepted for the stem (the lesson says stem; each gets its own feedback line); singular and plural on every list) or an order item; no "you cannot tell" padding anywhere; every stem a positive question; US spelling; units as words.

The bar list (real things a generated item must never use): "digest", "organ", "intestine", "gut" (not taught; the plain words are "mashes up" and "a long tube"); "nerve", "message", "signal", "reflex" (the register names none; a hand pulled from a hot pan is NOT brain-first, so it is never a chain example); "adaptation" / "adapt" (Grade 5's word); any ruminant (cow, sheep, goat, deer) in a STOMACH item (their stomachs have four parts; use a horse, pig, bear, fox, wolf, coyote, snake); any fish in a LUNGS item (gills); the saguaro's roots as DEEP roots (they are shallow and wide — the deep-root plant is the mesquite); a cactus's spines as "thorns"; nothing frightening (no smoke that is a fire, no injured animal, no predator kill shown); no scene from a lesson, quiz, attached or practice item (list in the bank file's header).

The fifteen types

Hard because — type 6, 10 and 14: the word is produced, not picked, from the job alone. Type 9's wide-leaf item: what heat does to a wide leaf must be held against what a leaf is for. Type 12's order items: the three steps are produced in order on a sense other than hearing. Type 13: each claim is judged by its correct reason, which needs the brain's job held against the sense organ's or the body's. Type 15: two ideas chained (short roots AND wide leaves; the chain run on the scene THEN the missing step named).

Order-item convention: every order item's key is stored in the direction the stem asks ("first to last" = sense first); no item asks "last to first". The chain card drawer reads left → right = SENSES → BRAIN → ACTS.

Draw constraints (⟂ — never on one test together; the blind read's pairs added in v2): PP-8 (thumps in your chest → the heart) ⟂ PP-12 (where is the heart → in her chest); PP-11 (how many lungs → two) ⟂ PP-38 (typed lungs: "two parts … one on each side"); PP-5 (which part pushes blood → heart) ⟂ PP-20 (the heart is the part that pumps the blood, as a reason) ⟂ PP-21 (the heart moves the blood on, as the key); PP-9 ⟂ PP-10 ⟂ PP-18 (each drawn jobs table prints the rows the other two ask for); PP-13 (deep root reaches water far down) ⟂ PP-17 (which part grows down deep → the roots) ⟂ PP-28 (deep roots reach water far down, as the key); PP-27 (a cactus's spines are its leaves) ⟂ PP-43 (typed stem: "the plant's leaves are thin spines") ⟂ PP-44 (typed spines: "leaves are thin and sharp") — two of the three state that the spines are the leaves and the third asks for that word (v3, Reader C); PP-35 ⟂ PP-36 (two four-order items on one shape); PP-35 (the swimmer's four written orders, one of them the right order spelled out) ⟂ PP-45 ⟂ PP-46 (the two order items — PP-35's key prints the order they ask the student to produce; v3, Reader C); PP-50 (earplugs: the sense step blocked first) ⟂ PP-49 (the dog that cannot hear: nothing went to its brain); PP-33 (owl card, first box) ⟂ PP-29 was the owl deciding — re-scened to a heron, so no longer a pair. Quiz-page note (not a bank pair): L01-05's drawn table prints the heart row that L01-04 asks for — safe one item at a time, which is the delivery; if L01's quiz is ever shown on one page, L01-05 moves above L01-04. Same-page hand-overs Reader C named (v3): L01-10 no longer asks for "the part that pumps blood" (the table's own heart row) — it asks for the fist-sized lump of muscle in the middle of the chest that squeezes once a second, which no table or option prints; PR-14 no longer asks for "the thick, fat part that stores water" (PR-06's key, "a thick stem", beside the table's "storing water" cell) — it asks for the tall, thick green part a saguaro's arms and spines grow from, which gets fatter after rain. Both typed items stay LAST in their sets, after the MCQs that offer the word among its sisters (recognition before recall; term-recall items sit last). Order-item listings: the blind-bundle cutter and the page each shuffle an order item's three sentences by a fixed seed, so the bundle listed PR-10, PP-45 and PP-46 as action, sense, brain (the page lists PR-q10 and the two bank items from their own ids); PP-45 ⟂ PP-46 is the draw constraint that keeps the two bank order items off one test, and the cutter's seed is a tool note for the coordinator (the key is the stem's order, first to last, and is unchanged).

One exemplar per type, in full

Type 1 (easy, LIF4-001). A fox trots up a steep hill, and its heart beats fast. What is the fox's heart doing? — pumps blood all round the body / takes in air / mashes up food / decides what to do. Why: The heart pumps blood all round the body. The fox's heart beats fast as it climbs. So its heart is pumping blood all round its body. (nearest lesson-side instance: L01's attached question, a galloping horse, three options — here the fixed set is four and "decides" joins it)

Type 2 (easy, LIF4-001). A whale comes up to the top of the sea and breathes in. Which part of the whale fills with air? — the brain / the heart / the lungs / the stomach. (nearest: L01-q3, a cat breathes in, three bare options)

Type 3 (easy, LIF4-001). [drawn table: the lungs — taking in air; ? — pumping blood all round the body; the stomach — mashing up food] Here is a table of parts inside the body and their jobs, with one part missing. Which part goes in the empty cell? — the lungs / the stomach / the brain / the heart. (nearest: L01-q5, the same drawer with the stomach's cell blank; here a different cell and four options)

Type 4 (easy, LIF4-001). How many lungs does an otter have? — one / two / three / four. (nearest: L01-q6, Victor's one-big-lung claim, yes / no)

Type 5 (medium, LIF4-001). Dean is wrong to say the lunch he ate stays in his stomach for a week. What is the correct reason? — The stomach mashes food for an hour or two, then it moves on. / Food leaves the stomach as soon as it arrives there. / The stomach holds food for one whole day, then it moves on. / Food stays in the stomach only while a person is awake and moving. (nearest: L01-q7, the same belief as a bare yes / no claim)

Type 6 (hard, typed, LIF4-001). After a chase, one part inside a fox squeezes fast again and again, and each squeeze pushes blood along tubes round its body. Type the name of that part. — heart (accept: heart, the heart, his / her / its / a heart, hart, heart muscle, hearts). (nearest: L01-q10, which now asks for the fist-sized lump of muscle in the middle of the chest that squeezes once a second — here the clue is the squeeze that pushes blood along tubes, after a chase)

Type 7 (easy, LIF4-002). A sagebrush in Utah has tiny leaves. How do the tiny leaves help it in the dry heat? — This part keeps water in. / This part keeps animals away. / This part reaches water far down. / This part stores water. (nearest: L02-q5, a creosote bush's tiny leaves, three options in a different wording)

Type 8 (medium, LIF4-002). A barrel cactus is fat after a rainy week and thinner after a dry month. Why did it get thinner? — Its spines fell off. / Its roots got smaller in the dry ground. / It used up the water stored in its stem. / It stopped making its food for the month. (nearest: L02's saguaro paragraph, "the stem fills with water and gets fatter" — here the stem's stored water is used, the reverse)

Type 9 (medium, LIF4-002). Roman is wrong to say a cactus has no leaves. What is the correct reason? — A cactus grows leaves only in the rainy season. / A cactus's spines are its leaves. / A cactus's leaves are hidden inside its stem. / A cactus's roots do the job of leaves. (nearest: L02-q7, Dean's no-leaves claim, yes / no)

Type 10 (hard, typed, LIF4-002). A thick, fat part of a desert plant in New Mexico fills with rain water and stores it through the dry months. The plant's leaves are thin spines. Type the name of the thick, fat part. — stem (accept: stem, the stem, its / a stem, stems, thick stem, the / a thick stem, stemm, stam). (nearest: PR-14, which now asks for the tall, thick green part a saguaro's arms and spines grow from, fatter after rain — here the part is named from storing water, and the spines line rules out "leaves"; "trunk" and "body" are not accepted and get their own feedback line)

Type 11 (medium, LIF4-003). A girl feels cold wind on her skin and zips up her coat. Which part of the girl sensed the cold? — her brain / her hands / her skin / her coat. (nearest: L03-q5, the squirrel's eyes sensed the hawk, three options)

Type 12 (medium, LIF4-003). A swimmer hears the starting whistle and dives into the pool. In which order do the three steps happen? — brain, then ears, then legs / ears, then legs, then brain / ears, then brain, then legs / legs, then brain, then ears. (nearest: L03-q5 order item on burnt toast — here the order is picked among four written orders)

Type 13 (hard, LIF4-003). A dog cannot hear. Dean is wrong to say the dog will still turn when someone hidden behind a fence calls its name. What is the correct reason? — The dog's legs decide to turn by themselves. / The dog's ears heard nothing, so nothing went to its brain. / The dog's brain hears the name on its own, so it needs no ears. / A dog turns its head at every sound, whether it heard it or not. (nearest: L03's line "If nothing is sensed, nothing goes to the brain, and the body does not act" — no item on the page tests it)

Type 14 (hard, typed, LIF4-003). A rabbit's ears hear a dog bark, and one part inside the rabbit decides to run. Type the name of the part that decides. — brain (accept: brain, the brain, his / her / its / a brain, brains, brane, brian). (nearest: L03-q11, a bird's eyes and a worm)

Type 15 (hard, LIF4-003). A girl wears earplugs at a loud concert. A friend behind her says her name, and she does not turn round. Which step of sense, brain, action was blocked first? — the brain step / the action step / the sense step / no step was blocked. (nearest: none on the page; the chain is run with one step removed; "blocked first" because PP-49 tells the reader that when nothing reaches the brain, the brain decides nothing — so "did not happen" was true of two steps)