Topic 5 · Where energy comes from and where it goes — the question types, for your rulings

Skill: course-build → write-mcqs → write-explanation, design-check-sequence @ cca3af6

Topic 5 — Where energy comes from and where it goes — the PP100's question types, with their exemplars

What this page is. James reads a bank as its question TYPES first (vault: A bank is reviewed as its question types first, one exemplar each). Under the Grade 5 standing brief the bank is built straight away (52 items in content/G5T05_pp100_bank.py); this sheet is the way in. Each type line says what the stem asks, what the four options (or the accept list) are, and prints one exemplar in full. Tags follow depth of reasoning — easy = one fact or a one-step sort; medium = the rule applied to a fresh case, a reason picked, a drawn card or table read; hard = a term produced by typing, a claim judged by its correct reason, a set answer, or two ideas chained — and rise with the atom's order: ENE5-001 seven easy, one medium, two hard (the typed term and the claim-reason item on the register's SD-1 belief); ENE5-002 four easy, five medium; ENE5-003 two easy, five medium, two hard; ENE5-004 one easy, four medium, three hard; ENE5-020 six medium, two hard; ENE5-021 four medium, four hard. Every hard item carries a one-line "hard because" (hb) in the bank file. Non-author review, 8 Oct 2026 (REVIEW_G5T05_2026-10-08.md): the "warmed most / warmest / warmer" asks on ENE5-020 were re-asked as "rubbed most" / "stops sooner" (a thing that starts at one speed on every floor ends with the same kinetic energy turned to thermal energy on every floor; which surface rubs it most is what the data shows), and the lid strip and the rolling pins moved from hard to medium (PP-38, PP-39). Bank now easy 14 · medium 25 · hard 13; MCQ keys unchanged, A 14 · B 12 · C 11 · D 9.

Rulings already applied. Four options on every MCQ (fixed sets: the kind-of-energy set "chemical energy / kinetic energy / thermal energy / elastic energy"; the stored set "stored / being released / being carried / gone", rotated so the key is not always first; the endings set "kinetic energy in the moving part / thermal energy in the warm part / chemical energy in the part / elastic energy in the part"; all three declared in KEY_TELL_EXEMPT_SETS); no option bundles a verdict with its reason (every bank claim is "X is wrong … What is the correct reason?" with four single-statement reasons — the Leo-item form James wrote on 8 Oct is NOT used here, so no named exception); every stem is a positive question of at most two sentences unless tagged hard; an item card carries a blank box or a blank chip and its blind text lists the boxes and the chips as data, never the missing word; the typed keys are "chemical", "thermal", "kinetic" and "friction" (one word each, inside the lexicon's sentences; "mechanical" accepted for kinetic, James 29 Sep; article forms and child spellings in the accept lists); one multi-select, where the answer is genuinely a set; every item names ONE atom; US spelling; units as words in prose, numerals on drawings. MCQ keys A 14 · B 12 · C 11 · D 9. check_key_tells.py: KEY TELLS: 0 of 137 MCQs flagged.

The bar list (real things and words a generated item must never use): "forms of energy", "light energy", "sound energy", "electrical energy", "heat energy" (light, sound, electricity and heat CARRY energy); "potential energy" (grades 6-8: say "stored"); "gives / gets energy", "energy giver" (say "provides", "transfers … to", "energy source"); "used up", "ran out of energy", "no energy", "all its energy" (S43: a dead battery still has thermal and gravitational energy); "gravity pulls"; "weight" against "mass" (mass versus weight is not taught); "leak", "lift", "snap"; "heat moves / travels / flows"; any lesson scene (the kitchen drawer and flashlight, the porch fan, the toy train, the tent flashlight, the gym ball and library carpet, the wagon and sandbags; the intro's remote-control car); any quiz, attached, summary or practice scene (the toolbox battery, toy robot, lanterns, lawn-mower fuel, wind-up toy, toy boat, cupboard batteries, candle; toothbrush, toy helicopter, heated vest, toy train, drill, gas grill, radio, hair dryer; toy dog, kettle, scooter, gas heater, buzzer; cabin lantern, reading light, workbench, headlamp, doorbell, toy car; toy truck on tiles / doormat / lawn, hockey puck, bike; store carts, suitcases, sleds and snow pile, toy trucks and blocks, bowling balls, bus and car; the store-shelf battery, the Florida fan, the laundry baskets; the music box, Wyoming campfire, Idaho circuit, storm lamp, bathtub boat, gas fireplace, wall clock, roller skate, soup can, canoes, Pennsylvania robot, lamp oil, Nebraska truck, Wisconsin sled, Texas trucks); a claim-maker outside Esme, Ezra and Flora, each used once in the bank; "biggest / smallest" for an amount.

The fifteen types (fewer would be better; six atoms each need their own forms, and the three documented beliefs each take a claim-reason item)

Type	Items	Atom	Tags	Form	The stem asks…	The options / the accept	Exemplar scene
1	3	001	easy	MCQ, the kind-of-energy set	which kind of energy a waiting battery, a fuel or a stretched rubber band has	chemical / kinetic / thermal / elastic energy (fixed, key moves)	a smoke-alarm battery in a Wisconsin store; charcoal in a Tennessee garage; a stretched rubber band in Kentucky
2	5	001	easy, medium, hard	MCQ, the stored set; one claim-reason item	whether the chemical energy is stored or being released (an unused remote; a camera flash; a boat's fuel tank; the camera switched off again); Esme's claim judged by its correct reason (electricity stored inside)	stored / being released / being carried / gone, rotated; four single-statement reasons	a TV remote in Arkansas; a camera flash in Mississippi; a boat's fuel in Maryland; Esme's battery in a shop in Maine
3	4	002	easy, medium	MCQ, the endings set	what the stored energy ends up as, on a moving or a warming device	kinetic energy in the moving part / thermal energy in the warm part / chemical energy in the part / elastic energy in the part	a milk frother in Rhode Island; a heated blanket in Montana; a water pistol in Arizona; a gas water heater in Maine
4	1	001	easy	MCQ	which of four things stores chemical energy	one fuel and three moving or hot things	lighter fluid, a spinning top, a hot iron, a skateboard
5	2	002	easy, medium	MCQ	what carries the energy from a speaker to your ears; which of the battery and the electricity stores and which carries	four carriers; four store / carry pairings	a toy keyboard in Connecticut
6	7	003	easy, medium, hard	MCQ; three with a drawn chain card	where a trace starts; which step a student just did; the blank box, the blank type or the blank chip on a card; which trace is right; which step is missing	four parts, four kinds of energy, four carriers, four traces	an oil lamp in Louisiana; a bubble machine in Illinois; the tractor, patio heater and smoke alarm cards; a pizza oven in Oklahoma; a night light in Hawaii; a toy bus in Kansas
7	3	002	medium	MCQ	two endings named in one pair; which of two devices is releasing energy; where a drone's energy ends up	four pairs / four cases	the toy keyboard's warm speaker; a parked bus and a driving bus; a toy drone in Virginia
8	4	004	easy, medium	MCQ	what is happening to the chemical energy as a light dims; where a stopped toy's energy went; the correct reason a toy goes quiet; where a fresh battery's energy comes from	four single statements	a book light in Washington; a toy carousel in Nevada; a singing toy bird in Oregon; a fresh battery in Utah
9	2	004	medium, hard	MCQ; one claim-reason item	which kind of energy a dead battery still has; Flora's claim judged by its correct reason (the energy no longer exists)	four kinds; four single-statement reasons	a dead battery on a desk in Vermont; Flora's dead battery
10	3	020	medium	MCQ, drawn table or strip	on which surface the rolling thing stopped soonest; which surface rubbed it most (read from a table, and again from a drawn strip to one scale)	the three surfaces plus "the same on all"	a coin rolled on its edge (glass table / tablecloth / bath towel); a plastic lid (ice / wooden floor / rubber mat)
11	4	020	medium, hard	MCQ; one claim-reason item	what acts where the surfaces rub; where a stopped stone's kinetic energy ended up; Esme's claim judged by its correct reason (ran out); which of two rolling pins stops sooner	four single answers / reasons	a skateboard in Texas; a curling stone in Minnesota; Esme's hula hoop; rolling pins on a counter and a sandy path in Tennessee
12	4	021	medium, hard	MCQ; one with a drawn table	which of two same-speed things has more kinetic energy (a table of masses; a loaded and an empty dump truck; two skaters; a saucer pulled with a sister, then a dad)	the two things, "both the same", a fourth	the pony and the big horse; dump trucks in Ohio; skaters in Michigan; the saucer in Alaska
13	3	021	medium, hard	MCQ; one claim-reason item	read the evidence backward: which wheelbarrow or skateboard had more mass from the slide lengths; Ezra's claim judged by its correct reason (speed is all that matters)	four single statements	wheelbarrows and crates in Georgia; skateboards and trash cans in Florida; Ezra's moving vans
14	5	001, 003, 004, 020, 021	hard	typed	the kind of energy a fuel has (twice: propane, fuel gel); the kind a warm motor has; the force where wheels and a sidewalk rub; the kind a heavier same-speed train has more of	chemical / thermal / friction / kinetic, with article forms, "mechanical" for kinetic, and child spellings	a fire pit in Colorado; fuel gel in Vermont; a warm motor in Iowa; a stroller in New Mexico; freight trains in Nebraska
15	1	004	hard	multi-select	the TWO places a toy fire engine's chemical energy ended up	carried away by the siren's sound / thermal energy in the warm motor, wheels and air / stored in the battery / light stored in the room	the fire engine in Delaware

Hard because — type 14: the word is produced, not picked. Types 2, 9, 11, 13 (claim-reason items): each documented belief is judged by its correct reason, with the lesson's idea held against the belief. Type 13: two ideas chained. Type 15: a set held together. (The lid strip and the rolling pins, once hard, are medium since the 8 Oct review: each is one rule run on a read or a described surface.)

One exemplar per type, in full

Type 1 (easy, ENE5-001). A new battery for a smoke alarm waits on a shelf in a hardware store in Wisconsin. Which kind of energy does the battery have? — chemical energy / kinetic energy / thermal energy / elastic energy. Why: A battery, food and fuel have chemical energy. The smoke-alarm battery is a battery. So the battery has chemical energy. (nearest lesson-side instance: Lesson 1 (Chemical energy is stored energy)-vq, the toolbox battery, two options)

Type 2 (easy, ENE5-001). A boy in Mississippi presses the button on a battery-powered camera, and its flash lights up. Which words say what the battery's chemical energy is doing? — stored / being released / being carried / gone. Why: Chemical energy stays in a battery until the battery is used. The flash lights, so the loop is complete and electricity carries energy out of the battery. So the chemical energy is being released. (nearest: Lesson 1 (Chemical energy is stored energy), question 3, the Idaho lantern, yes / no)

Type 2, the claim form (hard, ENE5-001). Esme is wrong when she says a new battery in a shop in Maine has electricity stored inside it. What is the correct reason she is wrong? — The battery stores chemical energy, not electricity. / The battery stores light, not electricity. / The battery is empty until it is plugged in. / Electricity is stored only in the wires. Source: register ENE5 SD-1 (induced), Lesson 1 (Chemical energy is stored energy)'s verdict line. (nearest: Lesson 1 (Chemical energy is stored energy), question 6, the bare yes / no)

Type 3 (easy, ENE5-002). A battery-powered milk frother in a kitchen in Rhode Island spins its little whisk. What does the battery's chemical energy end up as? — thermal energy in the warm part / elastic energy in the part / chemical energy in the part / kinetic energy in the moving part. (nearest: Lesson 2 (Where a battery's stored energy ends up), question 3, the toy helicopter, three options)

Type 4 (easy, ENE5-001). Which of these things stores chemical energy? — a spinning top / a hot iron / a can of lighter fluid / a rolling skateboard. (nearest: Lesson 1 (Chemical energy is stored energy), question 1, the can of gasoline)

Type 5 (medium, ENE5-002). In a battery-powered toy keyboard, two things are the battery and the electricity in its wires. Which one stores the energy, and which one carries it? — The electricity stores the energy; the battery carries it. / The battery stores the energy; the electricity carries it. / Both store the energy. / Both carry the energy. (nearest: Lesson 2 (Where a battery's stored energy ends up), question 6, the drill, two options)

Type 6 (medium, ENE5-003, drawn card). [the tractor card: the battery, chemical energy → ELECTRICITY → the motor → PUSH → ?] Here is the energy chain for a battery-powered toy tractor, with the last box blank. What goes in the blank box? — the moving tractor: kinetic energy / the battery: chemical energy / the charger: electricity / the field: thermal energy. (nearest: Lesson 3 (Trace the energy, step by step), question 5, the drill card with the MIDDLE box blank)

Type 7 (medium, ENE5-002). A battery-powered toy keyboard in Connecticut plays a tune, and after an hour its speaker is a little warm. Which pair names where the battery's energy ended up? — carried away by sound, and thermal energy in the warm speaker / chemical energy in the speaker, and kinetic energy in the keys / stored in the wires, and carried away by light / kinetic energy in the tune, and elastic energy in the speaker. (nearest: Lesson 2 (Where a battery's stored energy ends up), question 10, the hair dryer's two endings)

Type 8 (medium, ENE5-004). A battery-powered toy carousel in a store in Nevada turned for weeks and then stopped. Where did most of the battery's chemical energy go? — It stayed in the battery as chemical energy. / It vanished when the carousel stopped. / It turned into the music the carousel played. / It warmed the carousel's parts and the air. (nearest: Lesson 4 (Where a dead battery's energy went), question 9, the toy car's list)

Type 9 (hard, ENE5-004, the claim form). Flora is wrong when she says a dead battery's energy no longer exists. What is the correct reason she is wrong? — The battery still has all of its chemical energy inside it. / The battery makes new chemical energy overnight. / The energy went out with the light and warmed the parts and the air. / The energy is stored in the wires of the toy. Source: register ENE5 SD-1 (pre-existing), catalogue ENE-03, Lesson 4 (Where a dead battery's energy went)'s verdict line. (nearest: Lesson 4 (Where a dead battery's energy went), question 5, the bare yes / no)

Type 10 (medium, ENE5-020, drawn table). [the coin table: a glass table 3 meters; a tablecloth 1 meter; a bath towel 20 centimeters] Here is a results table for a coin rolled on its edge at the same speed from a start line onto three surfaces. On which surface did the coin stop soonest? — a glass table / a tablecloth / a bath towel / the same on all three. (nearest: Lesson 5 (Where the rolling ball's energy went), question 1, the toy truck table)

Type 11 (medium, ENE5-020). A curling stone slides along the ice in Minnesota and comes to a stop. Where did the stone's kinetic energy end up? — as chemical energy stored in the stone / as thermal energy in the stone and the ice / as kinetic energy in the ice under it / nowhere, because the stone stopped. (nearest: Lesson 5 (Where the rolling ball's energy went), question 5, the hockey puck on a sidewalk)

Type 12 (medium, ENE5-021, drawn table). [the horses table: the pony and its rider 250 kilograms; the big horse and its rider 600 kilograms; both steady, side by side] Here is a table of two horses with riders, trotting side by side at one steady speed. Which horse and rider have more kinetic energy? — the pony and its rider / the big horse and its rider / both the same / you cannot tell from the table. (nearest: Lesson 6 (Heavier at the same speed, more energy), question 2 and q3, the two carts)

Type 13 (hard, ENE5-021). Two matching skateboards were pushed at the same speed into two matching trash cans in a yard in Florida. One trash can slid 10 centimeters and the other slid 40 centimeters. Which skateboard had more mass on it, and what is the evidence? — the one whose trash can slid 10 centimeters; the shorter slide is the evidence / both the same; the slides match / the one pushed first; the order is the evidence / the one whose trash can slid 40 centimeters; the longer slide is the evidence. Hard because: two ideas chained backward, from the slide to the energy transferred, then from the energy to the mass. (nearest: Lesson 6 (Heavier at the same speed, more energy), question 5, the sleds table — forward, not backward)

Type 14 (hard, ENE5-020, typed). A baby stroller with nobody in it rolls across a sidewalk in New Mexico and slows down. Type the name of the force that acts where the wheels and the sidewalk rub. — accept: friction / a friction / the friction / fricton / friccion / frction / fricshun / frictoin. Wrong feedback: "gravity" → Earth's pull on the stroller is its weight, and it pulls down, not against the rolling; "push" → a push is a force, but this one has a name. (nearest: PR-15, the Wisconsin sled, typed in the practice set)

Type 15 (hard, ENE5-004, multi-select). A battery-powered toy fire engine in Delaware drove round a room with its siren wailing until its battery went dead. Select the TWO places the battery's chemical energy ended up. — carried away by the siren's sound / as thermal energy in the warm motor, wheels and air / stored in the battery as chemical energy / as light stored in the room. (nearest: Lesson 4 (Where a dead battery's energy went), question 8, the doorbell's sound, single answer)

Draw constraints (⟂) and the design-move inventory

• ⟂ PP-30 / PP-33 (the coin table read twice: soonest stop, then most rubbing; no longer neighbours since the 8 Oct adjudication) — draw one per test; the second answers the first.
• ⟂ PP-11 / PP-16 / PP-18 (the toy keyboard: the carrier, store or carry, the two endings) — three moves on one device; draw at most two per test (the 8 Oct review corrected the third id: PP-28 is the singing toy bird).
• ⟂ PP-33 / PP-38 (the coin table and the lid strip, both "which surface rubbed it most") — one move on two figure kinds; draw one per test.
• ⟂ PP-4 / PP-15 (the camera flash: released, then stored again when switched off) — the second's stem states the first's case; draw one per test.
• Each hard claim-reason item (PP-42 Flora, PP-45 Esme, PP-47 Ezra, PP-52 Esme — positions after the 8 Oct moves) ⟂ the easy / medium item of its atom that states the same fact plainly (PP-27 the dead battery's thermal energy; PP-33 the curling stone; PP-35 the dump trucks; PP-3 the TV remote).
• Design-move inventory, one line per move: (1) name the kind of energy a store has; (2) stored or released from the state of the loop or the flame; (3) the ending from what the device does; (4) which of two things stores and which carries; (5) fill one blank in a drawn chain; (6) order or judge a whole trace; (7) find the missing step; (8) why a device stops / where the energy went; (9) what a dead battery still has; (10) read a results table for the shortest roll; (11) shortest roll → most rubbing → warmest; (12) same speed, more mass → more kinetic energy; (13) slide length → energy transferred → mass; (14) produce the term; (15) select the set of endings. The lesson-side instance nearest each exemplar is named in brackets above; no bank item shares a scene kind with a lesson, quiz, attached, summary or practice item (the freshness grep in the build record).