Topic 8 · How to name a material from its properties — the question types, for your rulings

Skill: course-build → write-mcqs → write-explanation, design-check-sequence @ cca3af6

Topic 8 — How to name a material from its properties — the PP100's question types, with their exemplars

What this page is. James reads a bank as its question TYPES first (vault: A bank is reviewed as its question types first, one exemplar each). Under the Grade 5 standing brief the bank is built straight away (53 items in content/G5T08_pp100_bank.py); this sheet is the way in. Each type line says what the stem asks, what the four options (or the accept list) are, and prints one exemplar in full. Every exemplar is a FRESH scene, met nowhere else in the topic; beside each is its nearest lesson-side instance, so freshness can be checked in one look.

Rulings already applied. Four options on every MCQ (fixed sets: what-the-reading-does "It goes up / It stays the same / It goes down / It goes to 0 grams"; what-it-does-in-water "It dissolves / It settles on the bottom as grains / It floats on the top / It melts"; heavier-or-lighter "heavier than the same size of water / lighter … / exactly as heavy as … / heavier than every other material"; more-or-less-dense "more dense than water / less dense than water / as dense as water / more dense than steel"; what-the-lump-does "It floats / It sinks / It sinks, then floats / It stays in the middle of the water"), declared in KEY_TELL_EXEMPT_SETS; check_key_tells.py: KEY TELLS: 0 of 111 MCQs flagged. Difficulty is depth of reasoning and rises with the atom's position (MAT5-003 8 easy / 2 medium / 2 hard; MAT5-001 7 / 4 / 2; MAT5-002 4 / 6 / 4; MAT5-004 2 / 6 / 6); every hard item carries its one-line "hard because". Every item is tagged to exactly ONE atom. Three typed items (one numeric with its unit; "dissolves"; "density" — both recalled Grade 4 words, short, with wide accept lists) and one multi-select (a set: the two rows one test removes). Claim items take the 28 Sep tiers as written: "X is wrong. What is the correct reason?" with four single-statement reasons; no option bundles a verdict with its reason (James's own 8 Oct verdict-and-reason item is the unresolved conflict; no such item is written here). Every stem is at most two sentences unless tagged hard (S23). Units as words in prose; the drawn scales print numerals with "g" (the scale's own face). No negative stems. "Mass", never "weight".

The bar list (real things a generated item must never use): "weighs … grams" (mass, never weight); a helium balloon on a scale (it reads less — buoyancy is not taught); a balloon of breath on a scale (the change is too small to read); flour or cocoa as "dissolves" cases (a child cannot be sure, and they do not); honey or oil as a "lump" (liquids are not this atom's cases); "relative density" (not coined — James's question); "melts" as a key for anything that dissolves; any material whose dissolving or sinking a Grade 5 child cannot know and the item does not give in a table; a quoted belief other than the two the MAT5 register documents (look-alikes are the same material; dissolving is melting). Names come from the topic's row only (Hollis, Imani, Ines; Miss Holloway).

The eleven types

Type	Items	Atom	Tags	Form	The stem asks…	The options / the accept	Exemplar scene
1	3	003	easy	MCQ, the reading set	what a digital scale's reading does when air is pumped in, let out, or nothing changes	It goes up / It stays the same / It goes down / It goes to 0 grams	a scooter tire; a pool boat; a sealed bag of chips
2	2	003	easy	MCQ	which sentence about unseen air (in a pumped bed; in a tin that looks empty) is true	four single statements	an air bed; a cookie tin
3	3	003	easy	MCQ	what made a reading go up; a full tank against an empty one; which tire's air has more mass	four single answers	an exercise ball; a diver's tank; a tractor tire and a wheelbarrow tire
4	4	003	medium, hard	MCQ; typed numeric	the air's mass from two readings; the reason a pumped ball has more mass; the reading after half the air is let out; the air's mass typed with its unit	four answers / reasons; 20 grams and its forms	a swim ring; a pumped ball; a 300-gram ball; a raft
5	5	001	easy	MCQ, the in-water set	what a named material does when stirred into water (dissolves; settles), including every-piece cases	It dissolves / It settles on the bottom as grains / It floats on the top / It melts	salt in soup; pebbles; a sugar cube; fine sand; a new box of salt
6	2	001	easy	MCQ	a true sentence about glitter in water; the word for breaking into pieces too small to see and spreading	four statements; dissolves / melts / settles / floats	glitter; a stirred material
7	6	001	medium, hard	MCQ; typed	the reason sugar vanishes; Ines's melt claim — what happened to the salt; which powder could settle; what decides dissolving; a finer powder of a settling material; the term typed	four single statements; dissolves and its forms	cold water; Ines; a cook's powder; bath salts; a gray powder
8	6	002	easy, medium	MCQ, the heavier / denser sets	sinks → heavier than the same size of water / more dense; floats → lighter / less dense; the word density; two cups on two scales (figure) → heavier or lighter	the HL4 and DENSE4 sets; density / mass / size / weight	granite; pine; a rubber eraser; granite and foam; ice; packed sand
9	8	002	medium, hard	MCQ, the lump set; typed	what a lump does, read from two cups (figure); the heavy-but-floats trap; size does not change it; a close pair of readings; Hollis's light-paper-clip claim — the correct reason; same-size blocks → which has more mass; density typed	SF4; four single statements; density and its forms	cork; aluminum; a canoe and a coin; a wax block; rubber; Hollis; oak and steel blocks
10	13	004	easy, medium, hard	MCQ on a table (figure)	a true sentence about look-alikes; the first step; name the material from one or two results; which rows one test crosses out; which test tells two apart; three results chained; the table that has no separating column; Imani's look-alike claim — the correct reason	four materials / reasons from the table	grains; lumps; white powders; blocks; see-through lumps
11	1	004	hard	multi-select on a table	the TWO materials one test crosses out	sugar / baking soda / sand / crushed shell (keys: sugar, baking soda)	the grains table

Hard because — type 4: two ideas chained (the air's mass, then half removed) or the mass produced with its unit; type 7: the term produced against the documented wrong word, or the property applied to a new piece against the finer-is-different pull; type 9: two steps on a close pair of readings, a documented claim judged by its correct reason, or density linked back to mass at equal size; type 10: two or three tests chained on one table, the routine judged at its limit (no separating column), or the documented claim judged by its correct reason; type 11: a set held together.

One exemplar per type, in full

Type 1 (easy, MAT5-003). A flat scooter tire lies on a digital scale, and a girl pumps it full of air. What does the reading do? — It goes up. / It stays the same. / It goes down. / It goes to 0 grams. Why: A gas has mass, even though you cannot see it. The air pumped into the float is a gas. So the float's mass goes up, and the reading goes up. (nearest: Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), the question after the video, the football on the scale, two options)

Type 2 (easy, MAT5-003). A camping air bed is pumped full of air. Which sentence about the air inside it is true? — The air inside has no mass. / The air inside has mass only when the bed is squeezed. / The air inside has mass. / The air inside has mass only when it is cold. (nearest: Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 6, the sealed balloon, three options)

Type 3 (easy, MAT5-003). A diver's tank is filled with air from a pump. Compared with the empty tank, the full tank has… — more mass / less mass / the same mass / no mass. (nearest: Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 7, the truck tire and the bicycle tire)

Type 4 (hard, MAT5-003). A flat ball has a mass of 300 grams. Pumped full, it has a mass of 306 grams. Then half of the air is let out. Which reading could the scale show now? — 306 grams / 303 grams / 300 grams / 312 grams. Why: The air inside has mass: 306 grams − 300 grams = 6 grams of air. Half of the air is let out, so half of its mass leaves: 3 grams. The new reading is the difference: 306 grams − 3 grams = 303 grams. Hard because: two ideas chained. (nearest: Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 5, the volleyball's 4 grams, one step)

Type 5 (easy, MAT5-001). A spoonful of salt is stirred into a pot of soup. What does the salt do? — It dissolves. / It settles on the bottom as grains. / It floats on the top. / It melts. (nearest: Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 1, sugar in a glass, yes / no)

Type 6 (easy, MAT5-001). A pinch of glitter is stirred into a glass of water, and the glitter is still there as shiny bits. Which sentence about glitter is true? — Glitter dissolves in water. / Glitter dissolves only in warm water. / Glitter does not dissolve in water. / Glitter dissolves only when stirred for longer. (nearest: Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 3, the gravel, yes / no)

Type 7 (medium, MAT5-001). Ines says the salt melted as it vanished in cold water, but she is wrong. What happened to the salt? — It dissolved into pieces too small to see. / It melted into liquid salt. / It turned into water. / It sank out of sight under the spoon. Belief: the MAT5 register, SD-1 ("solids dissolve because they melt in the water"); the lesson line: "Melting needs heat … The cold water did not heat the sugar, so the sugar did not melt." (nearest: Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 5, Hollis's melt claim, bare yes / no)

Type 8 (medium, MAT5-002, figure pp_cups_ice: two same-size cups on two scales, ice 230 g, water 250 g). Both cups are the same size and filled to the top. Ice is… — heavier than the same size of water / lighter than the same size of water / exactly as heavy as the same size of water / heavier than every other material. (nearest: Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 4, the butter cup, two options)

Type 9 (hard, MAT5-002). Hollis says a tiny steel ball will float in water because it is so light. Hollis is wrong. What is the correct reason? — Steel is more dense than water at any size. / Steel floats only when the piece is big. / Light things always sink in water. / The ball is too smooth to float. Belief: Grade 4 Topic 13's register (a tiny piece floats because it is light) and MAT5-002's cross note (heavy for its size is not the same as heavy); the lesson's scene (the heavy log floats, the light bolt sinks). Hard because: a documented claim judged by its correct reason against three overstatements. (nearest: Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 7, the oak block and the steel screw)

Type 10 (hard, MAT5-004, figure pp_tab_lumps: steel sinks / magnet yes; glass sinks / no; cork floats / no; iron sinks / yes). A lump sinks in water, and a magnet pulls it. In the table, steel and iron are both left. Which of these is true? — The table has no property that tells them apart. / The water test tells them apart. / The magnet test tells them apart. / The lump must be steel, because steel comes first. Hard because: the routine is judged at its limit. (nearest: Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 6, two materials left — what next)

Type 11 (hard, MAT5-004, figure pp_tab_grains). Mystery grains do not dissolve in water. Select the TWO materials in the table that can be crossed out. — sugar / baking soda / sand / crushed shell. Hard because: a set is held together. (nearest: Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 1, which materials can she cross out, one option)

Draw constraints (⟂) for the test builder

• PP-34 (name the grains: baking soda) ⟂ PP-52 (the two to cross out when grains do not dissolve) ⟂ PP-33 (which two are left) — three items on pp_tab_grains / pp_tab_white; draw at most two per test.
• PP-35 (glass, from pp_tab_lumps) ⟂ PP-50 (steel and iron cannot be told apart on the same table).
• PP-37 (foam), PP-39 (the magnet test tells steel from brick) and PP-53 (brick, three results) all read pp_tab_blocks; draw one per test.
• PP-32 (canoe and coin), Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 7 (oak block and screw) and PR-10 (foam block and bead) share the heavy-but-floats move on different scene kinds; one per test.
• PP-22 (the swim ring's 2 grams) ⟂ PP-40 (the ball's 303 grams): both find the air's mass by subtraction.
• PP-24 (why the sugar vanished: it dissolves) ⟂ PP-25 (what happened to Ines's salt: it dissolved, not melted) — one account, two asks; draw one per test (adjudication, 8 Oct 2026).

Design-move inventory (one line per bank item; the existing items it was checked against are the quizzes, the practice, the recall bank, the attached items and the lessons' taught scenes)

Id	Move	Scene kind	Nearest earlier
PP-01	reading when air is pumped in	a scooter tire on a scale	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), the question after the video football
PP-02	reading when air is let out	a pool boat's plug	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 4 beach ball
PP-03	true sentence about unseen air	a camping air bed	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 6 balloon
PP-04	what made the reading rise	an exercise ball, two numbers	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 3 bottle
PP-05	true sentence about a tin that looks empty	a cookie tin	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 2 jar
PP-06	full tank against empty	a diver's tank	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 7 tires
PP-07	more air, more mass	tractor and wheelbarrow tires	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 7
PP-08	reading unchanged when nothing enters or leaves	a sealed bag of chips	none
PP-09	sort: salt in soup	a cooking pot	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 1 sugar
PP-10	sort: pebbles	a bucket	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 3 gravel
PP-11	true sentence: glitter	a glass	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 3
PP-12	every piece: a sugar cube	a cup	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 2 cup of salt
PP-13	every piece: fine sand	a jar	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 4 plaster dust
PP-14	the word for the process	any stirred material	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 9
PP-15	same material, new box	a cook's new box	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 6 baking soda
PP-16	sinks → heavier	granite	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 1 glass
PP-17	floats → less dense	pine	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 3 cork
PP-18	sinks → more dense	a rubber eraser	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 2 brick
PP-19	the word density	granite and foam	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 9 steel and oak
PP-20	true sentence about look-alikes	two powders	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 7 Ines
PP-21	the first step	a student's table	RECALL_BANK-5
PP-22	the air's mass by subtraction	a swim ring	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 5 volleyball
PP-23	the reason a pumped ball has more mass	any ball	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it) rule
PP-24	the reason sugar vanishes	cold water	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 5
PP-25	documented claim — what happened (dissolved, not melted)	Ines, salt	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 5 Hollis
PP-26	which powder could settle	a cook's powder	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides), question 8
PP-27	what decides dissolving	—	Lesson 2 (Dissolves or not: the material decides) forest
PP-28	two cups → heavier or lighter	ice (figure)	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 4 butter
PP-29	two cups → heavier or lighter	packed sand (figure)	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 5 plaster
PP-30	two cups → what the lump does	cork (figure)	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 6 butter prediction
PP-31	two cups → what the lump does	aluminum (figure)	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 6
PP-32	heavy-but-floats trap	a canoe and a coin	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 7
PP-33	size does not change it	a wax chip and a wax block	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 8 candle piece
PP-34	name from two results	grains table	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 3
PP-35	name from two results	lumps table	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 4
PP-36	which two are left	white table	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 1
PP-37	name from two results (a color)	blocks table	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 4
PP-38	name from two results (see-through)	lumps-b table	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 5
PP-39	which test tells two apart	blocks table	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 2
PP-40	two ideas chained: half the air out	a 300-gram ball	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 5
PP-41	the air's mass typed with its unit	a raft	Lesson 1 (What the air in a ball adds to it), question 5
PP-42	the term typed	bath salts	PR-15 sugar
PP-43	the property applied to a finer piece	a gray powder	PR-7 brick dust
PP-44	density typed	granite and foam	PR-17 steel and cork
PP-45	close pair of readings → what the lump does	rubber (figure)	PP-30
PP-46	documented claim — the correct reason	Hollis, a tiny steel ball	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size), question 7
PP-47	same-size blocks → which has more mass	oak and steel blocks	Lesson 3 (Heavier or lighter than water, for its size) cups
PP-48	two results chained	white table (salt)	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 5
PP-49	three results chained	lumps-b table (stone)	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 5
PP-50	the table that cannot separate two	lumps table	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 6
PP-51	documented claim — the correct reason	Imani, two powders	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 7
PP-52	the set one test removes	grains table	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 1
PP-53	three results chained	blocks table (brick)	Lesson 4 (How to name a mystery material), question 5