Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars — the question types, for your rulings
A type sheet shows ONE exemplar question for each question type in this topic's test bank. The bank of about fifty items follows these shapes, so approving a type approves every item written to it.
28 cards. Tap a button on each; Approve posts at once, the other two open a line for you, and the ruling goes to the build.
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 1 · bank item PP-1 · tests SR5-032
EasyMCQType 1 — which part a described model is missing
A girl's model of the Moon's changing shape has a lamp for the Sun and an orange for Earth, and nothing else. Which part is missing?
- a) the Sun
- b) Earth
- c) the Moon ← key
- d) a star pattern
Why it is this type: A model of a system must include every part the system needs to work. The Moon's changing shape needs the Sun, Earth and the Moon, and the model has nothing for the Moon. So the Moon is the missing part.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 2 · bank item PP-3 · tests SR5-032
EasyMCQType 2 — what to do to find out if a part is needed; what a model that stops shows about the part taken away
A class wants to find out whether the string is a part a kite needs. What should the class do?
- a) Paint the string a brighter color.
- b) Take the string away and see if the kite still flies. ← key
- c) Add a second string and see if the kite flies higher.
- d) Hold the kite still and look at the string.
Why it is this type: Take a part away: if the model stops doing its job, the part is needed. So the class takes the string away and sees if the kite still flies.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 3 · bank item PP-4 · tests SR5-032
EasyMCQType 3 — which of the model's things is an extra thing that could go
A model of the Moon's changing shape has a lamp, a ball, a marble and a sticker on the ball. Which of these is an extra thing, and could go?
- a) the lamp
- b) the ball
- c) the marble
- d) the sticker ← key
Why it is this type: A model of a system must include every part the system needs to work. The lamp, the ball and the marble stand for the Sun, Earth and the Moon, which the system needs. The sticker stands for nothing the system needs, so it is an extra thing.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 4 · bank item PP-19 · tests SR5-032
MediumMCQType 4 — which part a model must include for its job; whether a drawn model (with an extra thing) is missing a part
A class builds a model to show how a water wheel turns. Which part must the model include for the wheel to turn?
- a) moving water ← key
- b) a bigger wheel
- c) a sign with the wheel's name
- d) a bucket to catch the water
Why it is this type: A model of a system must include every part the system needs to work. The wheel turns because moving water pushes its blades. So the model must include moving water.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 5 · bank item PP-21 · tests SR5-032
MediumMCQType 5 — what is wrong with a drawn model; which sentence about a model of a system is true
Here is a model seen from above, meant to show day and night. What is wrong with it?
- a) The lamp is switched off. ← key
- b) The globe is too small.
- c) The marble is too near the globe.
- d) Nothing is wrong with it.. Figure: pp_model_lamp_off; blind text: data only (the parts or lights drawn, never the answer).
Why it is this type: A model of a system must include every part the system needs to work. The lamp stands for the Sun, and with the lamp off nothing lights the globe. So nothing is lit, and the model cannot show day and night.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 6 · bank item PP-42 · tests SR5-032
HardtypedType 6 — the word for a group of things that work together (system); the name of the part a described model is missing (the Moon / the Sun)
A battery, a switch, wires and a bulb work together to light a lamp. Type the word for a group of things that work together like this.
Accepted answers (typed): system, a system, the system, systems, sistem, systum, sytem, systim. Wrong-answer lines: circuit (A circuit is the name for this particular loop. The general word for a group of things that work together is system.); model (A model is a small copy that stands for the real things. The word for a group of things that work together is system.)
Why it is this type: A group of things that work together like this is called a system. So the word is system. Hard because: the coined term is produced, on a system the lessons never used.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 7 · bank item PP-6 · tests SPA5-020
EasyMCQType 7 — which thing in a fresh model (lantern, apple, pea) must spin
A class uses a lantern for the Sun, an apple for Earth and a pea for the Moon. Which thing must spin on the spot?
- a) the lantern
- b) the apple ← key
- c) the pea
- d) the table
Why it is this type: Earth spins once a day. The apple stands for Earth. So the apple must spin.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 8 · bank item PP-7 · tests SPA5-020
EasyMCQType 8 — what one spin, one trip of the pea round the apple, or one trip of the apple round the lantern stands for
In a model, a ball for Earth spins all the way around once. What does that one spin stand for?
- a) one day ← key
- b) one week
- c) one month
- d) one year
Why it is this type: Earth spins once a day. The ball stands for Earth. So one spin of the ball stands for one day.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 9 · bank item PP-23 · tests SPA5-020
MediumMCQType 9 — how many spins, or how many Moon trips, in one trip round the lamp
A girl carries an orange for Earth once around a lamp for the Sun. About how many times should the orange spin on that trip?
- a) about 1
- b) about 12
- c) about 24
- d) about 365 ← key
Why it is this type: Earth spins once a day, and one trip around the Sun is one year, about 365 days. So the orange should spin about 365 times on that trip. (8 Oct review: the ball-and-lamp wording was the practice set's PR-5 word for word; re-scened.)
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 10 · bank item PP-25 · tests SPA5-020
MediumMCQType 10 — what a model whose Earth never goes round the lamp leaves out; which thing must go round which
A boy's model has a ball for Earth that spins on the spot but never goes around the lamp. Which of these does his model leave out?
- a) the day
- b) the spin
- c) the year ← key
- d) the Sun
Why it is this type: One spin of the ball stands for one day, and one trip around the lamp stands for one year. The ball spins but never goes around the lamp. So the model leaves out the year.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 11 · bank item PP-45 · tests SPA5-020
HardMCQType 11 — a named child is wrong (spin equals the trip; the Sun is the biggest star; a galaxy is a few stars; the Milky Way is far from ours): what is the correct reason
Tess is wrong when she says that Earth's spin and Earth's trip around the Sun are one and the same motion. What is the correct reason?
- a) Earth spins about 365 times in one trip around the Sun. ← key
- b) Earth spins only at night.
- c) Earth stops spinning while it travels around the Sun.
- d) Earth travels around the Sun once a day.
Why it is this type: Spinning and traveling around are two different motions. Earth spins once a day and travels around the Sun once a year. So Earth spins about 365 times in one trip around the Sun, and the two are not one motion. Hard because: a documented claim (register SD-2, spin and orbit are the same motion) is judged by picking the reason that holds the two counts against each other.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 12 · bank item PP-46 · tests SPA5-020
HardtypedType 12 — the word for how long one trip round the lamp, or one spin, stands for (year / day)
In a model, a ball for Earth is carried once around a lamp for the Sun. Type the word for how long that one trip stands for.
Accepted answers (typed): year, a year, one year, 1 year, years, the year, yeer. Wrong-answer lines: day (One spin of the ball stands for one day. One trip around the lamp stands for one year.); month (One trip of the Moon around Earth stands for one month. One trip of Earth around the Sun is one year.)
Why it is this type: Earth travels around the Sun once a year. The ball stands for Earth and the lamp for the Sun. So the trip stands for one year. Hard because: the time is produced from the motion, not picked from a set.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 13 · bank item PP-10 · tests SPA5-030
EasyMCQType 13 — how the same light looks from farther away, or as the viewer gets nearer
A girl stands next to a lit lamp post in a park, then walks to the far side of the park. How does the same lamp look from the far side?
- a) brighter
- b) the same
- c) dimmer ← key
- d) a different color
Why it is this type: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. The girl is farther from the lamp on the far side of the park. So the lamp looks dimmer.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 14 · bank item PP-12 · tests SPA5-030
EasyMCQType 14 — two of the same lights, one bright and one dim, named in the stem: which is farther (or nearer) — no drawing (8 Oct review: a pair drawn in perspective hands over its answer)
Two of the same campfires burn on a dark beach, and one looks dim. Which campfire is farther away?
- a) the one that looks dim ← key
- b) the one that looks bright
- c) both are the same distance
- d) the one that was lit first. No figure (8 Oct review: the near-and-far pair drawn in perspective showed which fire was far, so the drawing answered the item; the look is now stated in the stem)
Why it is this type: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. The two campfires are the same kind, and one looks dim. So the dim campfire is farther away.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 15 · bank item PP-28 · tests SPA5-030
MediumMCQType 15 — which of a row of the same lights looks dimmest; the correct reason a far lighthouse looks like a dot
Five of the same street lights stand in a row down a long road. Which one looks dimmest to a girl at one end?
- a) the one nearest to her
- b) the one in the middle
- c) the one farthest from her ← key
- d) they all look the same
Why it is this type: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. The five lights are the same, and one is farthest from the girl. So the farthest one looks dimmest.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 16 · bank item PP-30 · tests SPA5-030
MediumMCQType 16 — two different kinds of light look equally bright: which sentence is true (brightness alone does not say how far each one is)
A bright bike light far down a dark road and a small candle on a nearby table look about as bright as each other. Which of these is true?
- a) The bike light must be the nearer one.
- b) The candle must be the farther one.
- c) The two must be the same distance away.
- d) Brightness alone does not say how far each one is.. ← key
Why it is this type: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is, so brightness tells you about distance only for two lights of the same kind. A bike light and a candle are different kinds of light. So brightness alone cannot tell you which is farther.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 17 · bank item PP-48 · tests SPA5-030
HardtypedType 17 — the rule's missing word (dimmer); the capstone's deciding word (nearer)
The same light looks ___ the farther away it is. Type the missing word.
Accepted answers (typed): dimmer, the dimmer, dim, fainter, faint, less bright, weaker, darker, dimer. Wrong-answer lines: smaller (A far light does look smaller, but this rule is about its light. The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is.); brighter (A light looks brighter as it gets nearer. The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is.)
Why it is this type: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. So the missing word is dimmer. Hard because: the rule's word is produced.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 18 · bank item PP-49 · tests SPA5-030
HardMCQType 18 — a dim far light brought near; the demonstration that shows why the Sun outshines the stars (two of the same lights, near and far); which way the band is seen; the Milky Way from outside
Two of the same glow sticks lie in a dark yard, one near a boy and one far from him, and the far one looks dim. He brings the far glow stick right beside the near one. How does the moved glow stick look to him now, compared with before?
- a) dimmer than before
- b) brighter than before ← key
- c) the same as before
- d) it cannot be seen now
Why it is this type: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. The moved glow stick is now near the boy, where before it was far. So it looks brighter than before. Hard because: two steps: the dim look is traced to distance, then the change of distance is run forward to a new look.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 19 · bank item PP-13 · tests SPA5-031
EasyMCQType 19 — what kind of thing the Sun is
What kind of thing is the Sun?
- a) a star ← key
- b) a planet
- c) a moon
- d) a galaxy
Why it is this type: The Sun is a star: a huge ball of glowing gas, like the stars we see at night. So the Sun is a star.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 20 · bank item PP-14 · tests SPA5-031
EasyMCQType 20 — the correct reason the Sun looks far brighter than every other star (the register's trap, the biggest star, as a distractor)
The Sun looks far brighter than every other star. What is the correct reason?
- a) It is the biggest star there is.
- b) It is the only star that gives out light.
- c) It is far nearer to Earth than any other star. ← key
- d) It is the only star that is hot.
Why it is this type: The Sun is a star. It looks far brighter than every other star only because it is far nearer to Earth than any other star. So the reason is that it is far nearer to Earth.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 21 · bank item PP-31 · tests SPA5-031
MediumMCQType 21 — two stars of the same light at different distances: which looks brighter (or dimmer) from Earth
On this map from above, the river star and the cave star give out the same light. Which star looks brighter from Earth?
- a) the river star ← key
- b) the cave star
- c) both look the same
- d) neither can be seen from Earth. Figure: pp_map_a; blind text: data only (the parts or lights drawn, never the answer)
Why it is this type: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. On the map the river star is nearer to Earth than the cave star. So the river star looks brighter. (8 Oct review: "first / second" were lettered cases in disguise; the stars are named by things, never by a colour the drawer does not draw.)
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 22 · bank item PP-33 · tests SPA5-031
MediumMCQType 22 — how the Sun would look as far away as the other stars; which observation is evidence that nearness is the reason
Suppose the Sun were as far from Earth as the other stars are. How would it look from Earth?
- a) as bright as it looks now
- b) brighter than it looks now
- c) like a tiny dot of light ← key
- d) like a bright half Moon
Why it is this type: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. Every star except the Sun looks like a tiny dot because it is so far away. So a Sun as far away as the other stars would look like a tiny dot too.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 23 · bank item PP-15 · tests SPA5-032
EasyMCQType 23 — what a galaxy is; what drifts between its stars
What is a galaxy?
- a) a few bright stars that make a shape we can see
- b) an enormous group of stars, with gas and dust between them ← key
- c) a large ball of rock that travels around the Sun
- d) a huge ball of glowing gas, like the Sun
Why it is this type: An enormous group of stars, with gas and dust between them, is called a galaxy. So a galaxy is an enormous group of stars, with gas and dust between them.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 24 · bank item PP-35 · tests SPA5-032
MediumMCQType 24 — which of four things is a galaxy; what the Big Dipper is; what a counted-out oval is; how many stars a galaxy holds
Which of these is a galaxy?
- a) seven bright stars that make a shape in the sky
- b) the Moon shining on a clear night
- c) an enormous group of stars with gas and dust between them ← key
- d) a large ball of rock that travels around the Sun
Why it is this type: An enormous group of stars, with gas and dust between them, is called a galaxy. A few stars that make a shape are a star pattern; the Moon and a planet are not groups of stars. So the enormous group of stars is the galaxy.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 25 · bank item PP-54 · tests SPA5-032
HardtypedType 25 — the word for an enormous group of stars with gas and dust between them (galaxy)
A photo through a telescope shows a glowing swirl that is really more stars than anyone could count, with gas and dust between them. Type the name for a group of stars like this.
Accepted answers (typed): galaxy, a galaxy, the galaxy, galaxies, galaxie, galixy, galexy, galaxey, gallaxy. Wrong-answer lines: star pattern (A star pattern is a few stars that make a shape. An enormous group of stars is a galaxy.); system (A system is any group of things that work together. The name for an enormous group of stars is galaxy.)
Why it is this type: An enormous group of stars, with gas and dust between them, is called a galaxy. So the word is galaxy. Hard because: the coined term is produced.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 26 · bank item PP-17 · tests SPA5-033
EasyMCQType 26 — the name of the galaxy our Sun belongs to; where the Sun is compared with the Milky Way
Our Sun belongs to one galaxy. What is that galaxy called?
- a) the Big Dipper
- b) the solar system
- c) the Milky Way ← key
- d) Orion
Why it is this type: The galaxy our Sun belongs to is called the Milky Way. So the name is the Milky Way.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 27 · bank item PP-39 · tests SPA5-033
MediumMCQType 27 — which of four sky things is the Milky Way; the correct reason the band looks faint and milky
Which of these is the Milky Way?
- a) the faint pale band across a dark night sky ← key
- b) the brightest star in the night sky
- c) a cloud lit up by the Moon
- d) the seven stars of the Big Dipper
Why it is this type: The galaxy our Sun belongs to is called the Milky Way, and we are inside it. Seen from inside, it is the faint milky band across a dark night sky. So the Milky Way is the faint pale band. (8 Oct review: the Utah band item was the practice set's Nevada item and Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way)'s attached question with the place changed; the move is now name → appearance.)
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 21 · Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars · Type 28 · bank item PP-41 · tests SPA5-033
MediumMCQType 28 — which things are inside the Milky Way
Which of these are inside the Milky Way?
- a) only the Sun and the planets around it
- b) the Sun, Earth and every star we see one by one ← key
- c) only the far-off galaxies and their stars
- d) only the pale band across the night sky
Why it is this type: The galaxy our Sun belongs to is called the Milky Way, and we are inside it. Every star you can see one by one at night is inside it too. So the Sun, Earth and every star we see one by one are inside the Milky Way.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
The full sheet, as written (coverage table, reading notes, every section)
Skill: course-build → write-mcqs → write-explanation, design-check-sequence @ cca3af6 · v2, 8 Oct 2026: the non-author review (review-questions, review-figures) re-scened PP-23, PP-39 and PP-51, made PP-12 and PP-27 prose, renamed PP-31's stars and PP-56's claim-maker (Tariq), reworded PP-8 and PP-17; the bank is 59 items, 49 MCQ and 10 typed
Topic 21 — Earth, Moon and Sun, and our place among the stars — the PP100's question types, with their exemplars
What this page is. James reads a bank as its question TYPES first (vault: A bank is reviewed as its question types first, one exemplar each). Under the Grade 5 standing brief the bank is built straight away (59 items in content/G5T21_pp100_bank.py); this sheet is the way in. Each type line says what the stem asks and what the four options (or the accept list) are, and prints one exemplar in full. Tags follow depth of reasoning — easy = one fact or a one-step sort; medium = the rule applied to a fresh case, a reason picked, a drawn model, pair or map read; hard = a term or a word produced, a claim judged by its correct reason, or two ideas chained — and rise with the atom's order: SR5-032 (the parts a system model needs) five easy, four medium, three hard; SPA5-020 (three motions) four, four, three; SPA5-030 (farther means dimmer) three, four, two; SPA5-031 (the capstone, why the Sun outshines the stars) two, four, four; SPA5-032 (a galaxy) two, four, three; SPA5-033 (the Milky Way) two, three, three. Every hard item carries a one-line "hard because" (hb) in the bank file.
Rulings already applied. Four options on every MCQ (fixed sets, declared in KEY_TELL_EXEMPT_SETS: the parts set the Sun / Earth / the Moon / a star pattern; the time set one day / one week / one month / one year, ordered and kept in order; the look set brighter / the same / dimmer / a different color; the kind set a star / a planet / a moon / a galaxy); no option bundles a verdict with its reason (every bank claim is "X is wrong … What is the correct reason?" with four single-statement reasons; James's 8 Oct four-option verdict-and-reason form is NOT used, so no exception is named here); every stem is a positive question of at most two sentences unless tagged hard; a drawn model's blind text lists its parts as data and never says which is missing; the typed keys are "system", "Moon", "Sun", "year", "day", "dimmer", "nearer" and "galaxy" (article, plural and child-spelling forms accepted; "Milky Way" is never typed, RECALL_BY_MCQ); every item names ONE atom; US spelling; units as words. MCQ keys A 15 · B 12 · C 14 · D 8 (49 MCQs); the ten typed items carry no letter.
The bar list (real things a generated item must never use): any reason for the motions (no pull, no gravity, no 'because Earth is heavy'); star SIZES in any key or lesson line (the NGSS boundary: 'the biggest star' appears only as the register's trap distractor); the Moon's shapes by name as a tested fact (Grade 4's); 'form of energy'; 'lift', 'leak'; lettered cases; any lesson scene (Tess's table with the lamp, globe and marble; Tariq and Tess in the gym; Theo's flashlight on the bench on the school field; Tariq's campsite at night and at dawn; Miss Ueda's screen; Tess's grandparents' farm in Kansas); any quiz, attached, summary, recall-bank or practice scene (the flashlight-and-ball model, the lamp-and-globe-only model, the toy car, the flashlight circuit with no battery, the wind turbine with no fan, the lantern-soccer-ball-grape model, the porch lights, the lantern trail, the boat's lamp, the car's headlights, the candles in the hall, the stadium light, the hallway lamps, Ohio at noon, the pot-shaped star pattern, the barn star, the Montana band, the Arizona stars, the ship at sea, the bicycle chain, the dark gym, the see-saw, the Nevada desert, the hillside bonfires); a claim-maker outside the topic's three children (Tess and Theo make the bank's claims; Tariq, Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars)'s headache child, makes none).
The twenty-eight types
| Type | Items | Atom | Tags | Form | The stem asks… | Exemplar scene |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | SR5-032 | easy | MCQ, the parts set (the Sun / Earth / the Moon / a star pattern) | which part a described model is missing | PP-1, PP-2 |
| 2 | 2 | SR5-032 | easy | MCQ | what to do to find out if a part is needed; what a model that stops shows about the part taken away | PP-3, PP-5 |
| 3 | 1 | SR5-032 | easy | MCQ | which of the model's things is an extra thing that could go | PP-4 |
| 4 | 2 | SR5-032 | medium | MCQ, one on a drawn model | which part a model must include for its job; whether a drawn model (with an extra thing) is missing a part | PP-19, PP-20 |
| 5 | 2 | SR5-032 | medium | MCQ, one on a drawn model | what is wrong with a drawn model; which sentence about a model of a system is true | PP-21, PP-22 |
| 6 | 3 | SR5-032 | hard | typed | the word for a group of things that work together (system); the name of the part a described model is missing (the Moon / the Sun) | PP-42, PP-43, PP-44 |
| 7 | 1 | SPA5-020 | easy | MCQ | which thing in a fresh model (lantern, apple, pea) must spin | PP-6 |
| 8 | 3 | SPA5-020 | easy | MCQ, the time set (one day / week / month / year, ordered) | what one spin, one trip of the pea round the apple, or one trip of the apple round the lantern stands for | PP-7, PP-8, PP-9 |
| 9 | 2 | SPA5-020 | medium | MCQ, four counts | how many spins, or how many Moon trips, in one trip round the lamp | PP-23, PP-24 |
| 10 | 2 | SPA5-020 | medium | MCQ, one on a drawn model | what a model whose Earth never goes round the lamp leaves out; which thing must go round which | PP-25, PP-26 |
| 11 | 4 | SPA5-020 / 031 / 032 / 033 | hard | MCQ, claim judged by reason | a named child is wrong (spin equals the trip; the Sun is the biggest star; a galaxy is a few stars; the Milky Way is far from ours): what is the correct reason | PP-45, PP-50, PP-56, PP-57 |
| 12 | 2 | SPA5-020 | hard | typed | the word for how long one trip round the lamp, or one spin, stands for (year / day) | PP-46, PP-47 |
| 13 | 2 | SPA5-030 | easy | MCQ, the look set (brighter / the same / dimmer / a different color) | how the same light looks from farther away, or as the viewer gets nearer | PP-10, PP-11 |
| 14 | 2 | SPA5-030 | easy, medium | MCQ | two of the same lights, one bright and one dim, named in the stem: which is farther (or nearer) — no drawing (8 Oct review: a pair drawn in perspective hands over its answer) | PP-12, PP-27 |
| 15 | 2 | SPA5-030 | medium | MCQ | which of a row of the same lights looks dimmest; the correct reason a far lighthouse looks like a dot | PP-28, PP-29 |
| 16 | 1 | SPA5-030 | medium | MCQ | two different kinds of light look equally bright: which sentence is true (brightness alone does not say how far each one is) | PP-30 |
| 17 | 3 | SPA5-030 / 031 | hard | typed | the rule's missing word (dimmer); the capstone's deciding word (nearer) | PP-48, PP-52, PP-53 |
| 18 | 4 | SPA5-030 / 031 / 033 | hard | MCQ, two ideas chained | a dim far light brought near; the demonstration that shows why the Sun outshines the stars (two of the same lights, near and far); which way the band is seen; the Milky Way from outside | PP-49, PP-51, PP-58, PP-59 |
| 19 | 1 | SPA5-031 | easy | MCQ, the kind set (a star / a planet / a moon / a galaxy) | what kind of thing the Sun is | PP-13 |
| 20 | 1 | SPA5-031 | easy | MCQ | the correct reason the Sun looks far brighter than every other star (the register's trap, the biggest star, as a distractor) | PP-14 |
| 21 | 2 | SPA5-031 | medium | MCQ on a drawn map | two stars of the same light at different distances: which looks brighter (or dimmer) from Earth | PP-31, PP-32 |
| 22 | 2 | SPA5-031 | medium | MCQ | how the Sun would look as far away as the other stars; which observation is evidence that nearness is the reason | PP-33, PP-34 |
| 23 | 2 | SPA5-032 | easy | MCQ | what a galaxy is; what drifts between its stars | PP-15, PP-16 |
| 24 | 4 | SPA5-032 | medium | MCQ | which of four things is a galaxy; what the Big Dipper is; what a counted-out oval is; how many stars a galaxy holds | PP-35, PP-36, PP-37, PP-38 |
| 25 | 2 | SPA5-032 | hard | typed | the word for an enormous group of stars with gas and dust between them (galaxy) | PP-54, PP-55 |
| 26 | 2 | SPA5-033 | easy | MCQ | the name of the galaxy our Sun belongs to; where the Sun is compared with the Milky Way | PP-17, PP-18 |
| 27 | 2 | SPA5-033 | medium | MCQ | which of four sky things is the Milky Way; the correct reason the band looks faint and milky | PP-39, PP-40 |
| 28 | 1 | SPA5-033 | medium | MCQ | which things are inside the Milky Way | PP-41 |
Hard because — type 6, 12, 17 and 25: the term or the word is produced, not picked (on a system, a motion or a light the lessons never used). Type 11: a documented claim (or the register's trap) is judged by picking the one reason the evidence supports from four. Type 18: two ideas are held together (a look traced to a distance, then the distance changed; a brighter source against a far greater distance; the disc's shape and the Sun's place in it).
One exemplar per type, in full
Type 1 (easy, SR5-032; PP-1). A girl's model of the Moon's changing shape has a lamp for the Sun and an orange for Earth, and nothing else. Which part is missing? — the Sun / Earth / the Moon / a star pattern. Why: A model of a system must include every part the system needs to work. The Moon's changing shape needs the Sun, Earth and the Moon, and the model has nothing for the Moon. So the Moon is the missing part.
Type 2 (easy, SR5-032; PP-3). A class wants to find out whether the string is a part a kite needs. What should the class do? — Paint the string a brighter color. / Take the string away and see if the kite still flies. / Add a second string and see if the kite flies higher. / Hold the kite still and look at the string.. Why: Take a part away: if the model stops doing its job, the part is needed. So the class takes the string away and sees if the kite still flies.
Type 3 (easy, SR5-032; PP-4). A model of the Moon's changing shape has a lamp, a ball, a marble and a sticker on the ball. Which of these is an extra thing, and could go? — the lamp / the ball / the marble / the sticker. Why: A model of a system must include every part the system needs to work. The lamp, the ball and the marble stand for the Sun, Earth and the Moon, which the system needs. The sticker stands for nothing the system needs, so it is an extra thing.
Type 4 (medium, SR5-032; PP-19). A class builds a model to show how a water wheel turns. Which part must the model include for the wheel to turn? — moving water / a bigger wheel / a sign with the wheel's name / a bucket to catch the water. Why: A model of a system must include every part the system needs to work. The wheel turns because moving water pushes its blades. So the model must include moving water.
Type 5 (medium, SR5-032; PP-21). Here is a model seen from above, meant to show day and night. What is wrong with it? — The lamp is switched off. / The globe is too small. / The marble is too near the globe. / Nothing is wrong with it.. Figure: pp_model_lamp_off; blind text: data only (the parts or lights drawn, never the answer). Why: A model of a system must include every part the system needs to work. The lamp stands for the Sun, and with the lamp off nothing lights the globe. So nothing is lit, and the model cannot show day and night.
Type 6 (hard, SR5-032; PP-42). A battery, a switch, wires and a bulb work together to light a lamp. Type the word for a group of things that work together like this. — accept: system, a system, the system, systems, sistem, systum, sytem, systim. Wrong-answer lines: circuit (A circuit is the name for this particular loop. The general word for a group of things that work together is system.); model (A model is a small copy that stands for the real things. The word for a group of things that work together is system.) Why: A group of things that work together like this is called a system. So the word is system. Hard because: the coined term is produced, on a system the lessons never used.
Type 7 (easy, SPA5-020; PP-6). A class uses a lantern for the Sun, an apple for Earth and a pea for the Moon. Which thing must spin on the spot? — the lantern / the apple / the pea / the table. Why: Earth spins once a day. The apple stands for Earth. So the apple must spin.
Type 8 (easy, SPA5-020; PP-7). In a model, a ball for Earth spins all the way around once. What does that one spin stand for? — one day / one week / one month / one year. Why: Earth spins once a day. The ball stands for Earth. So one spin of the ball stands for one day.
Type 9 (medium, SPA5-020; PP-23). A girl carries an orange for Earth once around a lamp for the Sun. About how many times should the orange spin on that trip? — about 1 / about 12 / about 24 / about 365. Why: Earth spins once a day, and one trip around the Sun is one year, about 365 days. So the orange should spin about 365 times on that trip. (8 Oct review: the ball-and-lamp wording was the practice set's PR-5 word for word; re-scened.)
Type 10 (medium, SPA5-020; PP-25). A boy's model has a ball for Earth that spins on the spot but never goes around the lamp. Which of these does his model leave out? — the day / the spin / the year / the Sun. Why: One spin of the ball stands for one day, and one trip around the lamp stands for one year. The ball spins but never goes around the lamp. So the model leaves out the year.
Type 11 (hard, SPA5-020; PP-45). Tess is wrong when she says that Earth's spin and Earth's trip around the Sun are one and the same motion. What is the correct reason? — Earth spins about 365 times in one trip around the Sun. / Earth spins only at night. / Earth stops spinning while it travels around the Sun. / Earth travels around the Sun once a day.. Why: Spinning and traveling around are two different motions. Earth spins once a day and travels around the Sun once a year. So Earth spins about 365 times in one trip around the Sun, and the two are not one motion. Hard because: a documented claim (register SD-2, spin and orbit are the same motion) is judged by picking the reason that holds the two counts against each other.
Type 12 (hard, SPA5-020; PP-46). In a model, a ball for Earth is carried once around a lamp for the Sun. Type the word for how long that one trip stands for. — accept: year, a year, one year, 1 year, years, the year, yeer. Wrong-answer lines: day (One spin of the ball stands for one day. One trip around the lamp stands for one year.); month (One trip of the Moon around Earth stands for one month. One trip of Earth around the Sun is one year.) Why: Earth travels around the Sun once a year. The ball stands for Earth and the lamp for the Sun. So the trip stands for one year. Hard because: the time is produced from the motion, not picked from a set.
Type 13 (easy, SPA5-030; PP-10). A girl stands next to a lit lamp post in a park, then walks to the far side of the park. How does the same lamp look from the far side? — brighter / the same / dimmer / a different color. Why: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. The girl is farther from the lamp on the far side of the park. So the lamp looks dimmer.
Type 14 (easy, SPA5-030; PP-12). Two of the same campfires burn on a dark beach, and one looks dim. Which campfire is farther away? — the one that looks dim / the one that looks bright / both are the same distance / the one that was lit first. No figure (8 Oct review: the near-and-far pair drawn in perspective showed which fire was far, so the drawing answered the item; the look is now stated in the stem). Why: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. The two campfires are the same kind, and one looks dim. So the dim campfire is farther away.
Type 15 (medium, SPA5-030; PP-28). Five of the same street lights stand in a row down a long road. Which one looks dimmest to a girl at one end? — the one nearest to her / the one in the middle / the one farthest from her / they all look the same. Why: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. The five lights are the same, and one is farthest from the girl. So the farthest one looks dimmest.
Type 16 (medium, SPA5-030; PP-30). A bright bike light far down a dark road and a small candle on a nearby table look about as bright as each other. Which of these is true? — The bike light must be the nearer one. / The candle must be the farther one. / The two must be the same distance away. / Brightness alone does not say how far each one is.. Why: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is, so brightness tells you about distance only for two lights of the same kind. A bike light and a candle are different kinds of light. So brightness alone cannot tell you which is farther.
Type 17 (hard, SPA5-030; PP-48). The same light looks ___ the farther away it is. Type the missing word. — accept: dimmer, the dimmer, dim, fainter, faint, less bright, weaker, darker, dimer. Wrong-answer lines: smaller (A far light does look smaller, but this rule is about its light. The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is.); brighter (A light looks brighter as it gets nearer. The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is.) Why: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. So the missing word is dimmer. Hard because: the rule's word is produced.
Type 18 (hard, SPA5-030; PP-49). Two of the same glow sticks lie in a dark yard, one near a boy and one far from him, and the far one looks dim. He brings the far glow stick right beside the near one. How does the moved glow stick look to him now, compared with before? — dimmer than before / brighter than before / the same as before / it cannot be seen now. Why: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. The moved glow stick is now near the boy, where before it was far. So it looks brighter than before. Hard because: two steps: the dim look is traced to distance, then the change of distance is run forward to a new look.
Type 19 (easy, SPA5-031; PP-13). What kind of thing is the Sun? — a star / a planet / a moon / a galaxy. Why: The Sun is a star: a huge ball of glowing gas, like the stars we see at night. So the Sun is a star.
Type 20 (easy, SPA5-031; PP-14). The Sun looks far brighter than every other star. What is the correct reason? — It is the biggest star there is. / It is the only star that gives out light. / It is far nearer to Earth than any other star. / It is the only star that is hot.. Why: The Sun is a star. It looks far brighter than every other star only because it is far nearer to Earth than any other star. So the reason is that it is far nearer to Earth.
Type 21 (medium, SPA5-031; PP-31). On this map from above, the river star and the cave star give out the same light. Which star looks brighter from Earth? — the river star / the cave star / both look the same / neither can be seen from Earth. Figure: pp_map_a; blind text: data only (the parts or lights drawn, never the answer). Why: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. On the map the river star is nearer to Earth than the cave star. So the river star looks brighter. (8 Oct review: "first / second" were lettered cases in disguise; the stars are named by things, never by a colour the drawer does not draw.)
Type 22 (medium, SPA5-031; PP-33). Suppose the Sun were as far from Earth as the other stars are. How would it look from Earth? — as bright as it looks now / brighter than it looks now / like a tiny dot of light / like a bright half Moon. Why: The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is. Every star except the Sun looks like a tiny dot because it is so far away. So a Sun as far away as the other stars would look like a tiny dot too.
Type 23 (easy, SPA5-032; PP-15). What is a galaxy? — a few bright stars that make a shape we can see / an enormous group of stars, with gas and dust between them / a large ball of rock that travels around the Sun / a huge ball of glowing gas, like the Sun. Why: An enormous group of stars, with gas and dust between them, is called a galaxy. So a galaxy is an enormous group of stars, with gas and dust between them.
Type 24 (medium, SPA5-032; PP-35). Which of these is a galaxy? — seven bright stars that make a shape in the sky / the Moon shining on a clear night / an enormous group of stars with gas and dust between them / a large ball of rock that travels around the Sun. Why: An enormous group of stars, with gas and dust between them, is called a galaxy. A few stars that make a shape are a star pattern; the Moon and a planet are not groups of stars. So the enormous group of stars is the galaxy.
Type 25 (hard, SPA5-032; PP-54). A photo through a telescope shows a glowing swirl that is really more stars than anyone could count, with gas and dust between them. Type the name for a group of stars like this. — accept: galaxy, a galaxy, the galaxy, galaxies, galaxie, galixy, galexy, galaxey, gallaxy. Wrong-answer lines: star pattern (A star pattern is a few stars that make a shape. An enormous group of stars is a galaxy.); system (A system is any group of things that work together. The name for an enormous group of stars is galaxy.) Why: An enormous group of stars, with gas and dust between them, is called a galaxy. So the word is galaxy. Hard because: the coined term is produced.
Type 26 (easy, SPA5-033; PP-17). Our Sun belongs to one galaxy. What is that galaxy called? — the Big Dipper / the solar system / the Milky Way / Orion. Why: The galaxy our Sun belongs to is called the Milky Way. So the name is the Milky Way.
Type 27 (medium, SPA5-033; PP-39). Which of these is the Milky Way? — the faint pale band across a dark night sky / the brightest star in the night sky / a cloud lit up by the Moon / the seven stars of the Big Dipper. Why: The galaxy our Sun belongs to is called the Milky Way, and we are inside it. Seen from inside, it is the faint milky band across a dark night sky. So the Milky Way is the faint pale band. (8 Oct review: the Utah band item was the practice set's Nevada item and Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way)'s attached question with the place changed; the move is now name → appearance.)
Type 28 (medium, SPA5-033; PP-41). Which of these are inside the Milky Way? — only the Sun and the planets around it / the Sun, Earth and every star we see one by one / only the far-off galaxies and their stars / only the pale band across the night sky. Why: The galaxy our Sun belongs to is called the Milky Way, and we are inside it. Every star you can see one by one at night is inside it too. So the Sun, Earth and every star we see one by one are inside the Milky Way.
Draw constraints (⟂: never in one test together)
- PP-1 and PP-2 (type 1) and the typed PP-43 / PP-44 (type 6): the same move, which part a model is missing, in MCQ and typed form — draw one per test.
- The two type-8 time items on the same fresh model (one spin, one trip) and the typed type-12 pair state each other's answers in their why lines — draw one of the four per test.
- PP-14 (type 20) states the reason that PP-50 (type 11, Theo's claim) asks for — draw one per test.
- PP-17 (type 26, our galaxy's name) and PP-57 (type 11, Theo's Milky Way claim) share the fact — draw one per test.
- PP-15 (type 23, what a galaxy is) prints the definition that the typed PP-54 (type 25) asks the student to name — draw one per test.
- Adjudication, 8 Oct 2026 (the two cold readers' notes): PP-52 ⟂ PP-53 (both type the word "nearer"); PP-53 ⟂ PP-48 (two blanks on the same rule shape); PP-52 and PP-53 ⟂ PP-14 and PP-50 (the reason items print the word the blanks ask for); PP-16 ⟂ PP-15 and PP-35 (gas and dust is in their key text); PP-57 and PP-58 ⟂ PP-18 and PP-41 (the inside-the-Milky-Way fact is their key).
Design-move inventory (one line per bank item: the move, the scene kind, the nearest lesson-side instance)
| Item | Move | Scene kind | Nearest lesson-side instance |
|---|---|---|---|
| PP-1 | type 1, which part a described model is missing | A girl's model of the Moon's changing shape has a lamp for the Sun and… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 5 (a drawn model, which part is missing) |
| PP-2 | type 1, which part a described model is missing | A boy's model of day and night has a globe for Earth, and nothing else… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 5 (a drawn model, which part is missing) |
| PP-3 | type 2, what to do to find out if a part is needed | A class wants to find out whether the string is a part a kite needs. W… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 6 (a stopped model, what it shows) |
| PP-4 | type 3, which of the model's things is an extra thing that could go | A model of the Moon's changing shape has a lamp, a ball, a marble and… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 3 (the toy car) |
| PP-5 | type 2, what to do to find out if a part is needed | A boy takes the sail off his model sailboat, and the boat stops moving… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 6 (a stopped model, what it shows) |
| PP-6 | type 7, which thing in a fresh model (lantern, apple, pea) must spin | A class uses a lantern for the Sun, an apple for Earth and a pea for t… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 1 |
| PP-7 | type 8, what one spin, one trip of the pea round the apple, or one trip of the apple round the lantern stands for | In a model, a ball for Earth spins all the way around once. What does… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 3 |
| PP-8 | type 8, what one spin, one trip of the pea round the apple, or one trip of the apple round the lantern stands for | In a model, a pea for the Moon travels once around an apple for Earth.… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 3 |
| PP-9 | type 8, what one spin, one trip of the pea round the apple, or one trip of the apple round the lantern stands for | In a model, an apple for Earth is carried once around a lantern for th… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 3 |
| PP-10 | type 13, how the same light looks from farther away, or as the viewer gets nearer | A girl stands next to a lit lamp post in a park, then walks to the far… | Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer), question 1 / q5 |
| PP-11 | type 13, how the same light looks from farther away, or as the viewer gets nearer | A girl rides her bike along a dark road toward a lit street lamp. How… | Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer), question 1 / q5 |
| PP-12 | type 14, two of the same lights, one bright and one dim: which is farther | Two of the same campfires burn on a dark beach, and one looks dim. Whi… | Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer), question 3 / q4 / q6 (prose pairs: garden-gate lamps, cabin lamps, candles) |
| PP-13 | type 19, what kind of thing the Sun is | What kind of thing is the Sun? | recall bank R7 (which is a star) |
| PP-14 | type 20, the correct reason the Sun looks far brighter than every other star (the register's trap, the biggest star, as a distractor) | The Sun looks far brighter than every other star. What is the correct… | Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 1 |
| PP-15 | type 23, what a galaxy is | What is a galaxy? | Lesson 5 (What a galaxy is), question 5 / q7 |
| PP-16 | type 23, what a galaxy is | A galaxy is an enormous group of stars. What drifts in the spaces betw… | Lesson 5 (What a galaxy is), question 5 / q7 |
| PP-17 | type 26, the name of the galaxy our Sun belongs to | Our Sun belongs to one galaxy. Which name is that galaxy's? | Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way), question 9 / q6 |
| PP-18 | type 26, the name of the galaxy our Sun belongs to | Where is the Sun, compared with the Milky Way? | Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way), question 9 / q6 |
| PP-19 | type 4, which part a model must include for its job | A class builds a model to show how a water wheel turns. Which part mus… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 1 / q2 (does a described model have every part) |
| PP-20 | type 4, which part a model must include for its job | Here is a model seen from above, meant to show the Moon's changing sha… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 1 / q2 (does a described model have every part) |
| PP-21 | type 5, what is wrong with a drawn model | Here is a model seen from above, meant to show day and night. What is… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 6 |
| PP-22 | type 5, what is wrong with a drawn model | Which of these sentences about a model of a system is true? | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 6 |
| PP-23 | type 9, how many spins, or how many Moon trips, in one trip round the lamp | A girl carries an orange for Earth once around a lamp for the Sun. Abo… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 5; PR-5 (ball and lamp) |
| PP-24 | type 9, how many spins, or how many Moon trips, in one trip round the lamp | A boy carries a ball for Earth once around a lamp for the Sun, while a… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 4 / q5 |
| PP-25 | type 10, what a model whose Earth never goes round the lamp leaves out | A boy's model has a ball for Earth that spins on the spot but never go… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 7 |
| PP-26 | type 10, what a model whose Earth never goes round the lamp leaves out | Here is a model seen from above, with no arrows drawn. To show Earth's… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 7 |
| PP-27 | type 14, two of the same lights, one bright and one dim: which is nearer | Two of the same tents stand on a dark hillside, each with a lamp at it… | Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer), question 3 / q4 / q6 (prose pairs) |
| PP-28 | type 15, which of a row of the same lights looks dimmest | Five of the same street lights stand in a row down a long road. Which… | Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer), question 8 |
| PP-29 | type 15, which of a row of the same lights looks dimmest | A lighthouse lamp looks like a faint dot to a sailor far out at sea, b… | Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer), question 8 |
| PP-30 | type 16, two different kinds of light look equally bright: which sentence is true (brightness alone does not say how far each one is) | A bright bike light far down a dark road and a small candle on a nearb… | Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer), question 7 |
| PP-31 | type 21, two stars of the same light at different distances: which looks brighter (or dimmer) from Earth | On this map from above, the river star and the cave star give out the… | Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 4 (the bridge star and the tower star) |
| PP-32 | type 21, two stars of the same light at different distances: which looks brighter (or dimmer) from Earth | On this map from above, the lake star and the hill star give out the s… | Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 4 |
| PP-33 | type 22, how the Sun would look as far away as the other stars | Suppose the Sun were as far from Earth as the other stars are. How wou… | Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 3 / q2 |
| PP-34 | type 22, how the Sun would look as far away as the other stars | Which of these is evidence that the Sun outshines the other stars only… | Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 3 / q2 |
| PP-35 | type 24, which of four things is a galaxy | Which of these is a galaxy? | Lesson 5 (What a galaxy is), question 1..q4 (yes / no sorts) |
| PP-36 | type 24, which of four things is a galaxy | The Big Dipper is seven bright stars that make a shape. What is the Bi… | Lesson 5 (What a galaxy is), question 1..q4 (yes / no sorts) |
| PP-37 | type 24, which of four things is a galaxy | In a telescope photo, a smooth glowing oval turns out up close to be s… | Lesson 5 (What a galaxy is), question 1..q4 (yes / no sorts) |
| PP-38 | type 24, which of four things is a galaxy | A boy tries to count the stars in one galaxy, one each second. About h… | Lesson 5 (What a galaxy is), question 1..q4 (yes / no sorts) |
| PP-39 | type 27, which of four sky things is the Milky Way (name → appearance) | Which of these is the Milky Way? | Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way)-V1 / PR-10 ask the other way (appearance → name) |
| PP-40 | type 27, what the faint pale band across a dark sky is | The band of the Milky Way looks faint and milky, with no separate star… | Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way)-V1 / q3 |
| PP-41 | type 28, which things are inside the Milky Way | Which of these are inside the Milky Way? | Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way), question 5 / q6 |
| PP-42 | type 6, the word for a group of things that work together (system) | A battery, a switch, wires and a bulb work together to light a lamp. T… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 10 (typed system) / Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 5 (the missing part by MCQ) |
| PP-43 | type 6, the word for a group of things that work together (system) | A girl builds a model to show the Moon's changing shape with a lamp fo… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 10 (typed system) / Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 5 (the missing part by MCQ) |
| PP-44 | type 6, the word for a group of things that work together (system) | A boy builds a model to show day and night with a globe for Earth and… | Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 10 (typed system) / Lesson 1 (The parts a model of a system needs), question 5 (the missing part by MCQ) |
| PP-45 | type 11, a named child is wrong (spin equals the trip | Tess is wrong when she says that Earth's spin and Earth's trip around… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 6 (Theo's claim, bare no) / Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way), question 4 (Tariq's claim) |
| PP-46 | type 12, the word for how long one trip round the lamp, or one spin, stands for (year / day) | In a model, a ball for Earth is carried once around a lamp for the Sun… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 3 / q8 (the year by MCQ) |
| PP-47 | type 12, the word for how long one trip round the lamp, or one spin, stands for (year / day) | In a model, a ball for Earth spins all the way around once. Type the w… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 3 / q8 (the year by MCQ) |
| PP-48 | type 17, the rule's missing word (dimmer) | The same light looks ___ the farther away it is. Type the missing word… | no lesson item types these; Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer)'s rule line and Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 1 |
| PP-49 | type 18, a dim far light brought near | Two of the same glow sticks lie in a dark yard, one near a boy and one… | Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer), question 5 (one step only) / Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 6 / Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way), question 3 |
| PP-50 | type 11, a named child is wrong (spin equals the trip | Theo is wrong when he says the Sun outshines the other stars because i… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 6 (Theo's claim, bare no) / Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way), question 4 (Tariq's claim) |
| PP-51 | type 18, produce the demonstration that is the evidence (two of the same lights, one near and one far) | A boy wants to show his class why the Sun outshines the other stars. H… | Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 2 (recognise the evidence) — this item asks the student to design it |
| PP-52 | type 17, the rule's missing word (dimmer) | The Sun looks far brighter than every other star only because it is fa… | no lesson item types these; Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer)'s rule line and Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 1 |
| PP-53 | type 17, the rule's missing word (dimmer) | The same light looks dimmer the farther away it is, and every star exc… | no lesson item types these; Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer)'s rule line and Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 1 |
| PP-54 | type 25, the word for an enormous group of stars with gas and dust between them (galaxy) | A photo through a telescope shows a glowing swirl that is really more… | Lesson 5 (What a galaxy is), question 8 (typed galaxy, a different scene) |
| PP-55 | type 25, the word for an enormous group of stars with gas and dust between them (galaxy) | Far beyond the stars we can see one by one, there are enormous groups… | Lesson 5 (What a galaxy is), question 8 (typed galaxy, a different scene) |
| PP-56 | type 11, a named child is wrong (spin equals the trip | Tariq is wrong when he says a galaxy is a few stars that make a shape… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 6 (Theo's claim, bare no) / Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way), question 4 (Tariq's claim) |
| PP-57 | type 11, a named child is wrong (spin equals the trip | Theo is wrong when he says the Milky Way is a galaxy far away from the… | Lesson 2 (Show how Earth, the Moon and the Sun move, all at once), question 6 (Theo's claim, bare no) / Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way), question 4 (Tariq's claim) |
| PP-58 | type 18, a dim far light brought near | A girl in Maine sees the pale band of the Milky Way on a clear, dark n… | Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer), question 5 (one step only) / Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 6 / Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way), question 3 |
| PP-59 | type 18, a dim far light brought near | Suppose you could travel far outside the Milky Way and look back at it… | Lesson 3 (Farther away looks dimmer), question 5 (one step only) / Lesson 4 (Why the Sun outshines the stars), question 6 / Lesson 6 (Our galaxy: the Milky Way), question 3 |
Skill: write-like-james @ ed6c983 · built 8 October 2026 by build_tools_types_page.py from grade5/topic21_build/records/TYPES_G5T21.md