Topic 24 Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides — what needs James (0)
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Question types (10)
One exemplar per question type in the test bank; approving a type approves every item written to it. The full type sheet.
Topic 24 · Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides · Type 1 · bank item PP-1 · tests EAR3-007
EasyMCQType 1 — four described places: which one is a volcano
Which of these places is a volcano?
- a) a mountain in Alaska where melted rock comes out of an opening at the top ← key
- b) a snowy mountain in Colorado with no opening
- c) a hole in Idaho that hot water shoots out of
- d) a round green hill in Ohio
Why it is this type: A volcano is an opening in the ground where melted rock from deep inside Earth comes out. / Only the Alaska mountain has melted rock coming out of an opening. / So it is the volcano.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 24 · Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides · Type 3 · bank item PP-2 · tests EAR3-010
EasyMCQType 3 — lava flowed over a named place and cooled: what covers it now
Lava flows over a schoolyard below a volcano in Hawaii and cools. What covers the schoolyard now?
- a) water
- b) solid rock ← key
- c) mud
- d) grass
Why it is this type: Lava is melted rock, a liquid. / Out in the air, it cools and turns into a solid. / So solid rock covers the schoolyard.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 24 · Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides · Type 5 · bank item PP-3 · tests EAR3-008
EasyMCQType 5 — four things that happened in a town on one day: which one was an earthquake
Four things happened in a town in Kentucky on Friday. Which one was an earthquake?
- a) A train rumbled through the station.
- b) A door slammed in the wind.
- c) The ground shook under the whole town for eight seconds. ← key
- d) Hail rattled on every roof.
Why it is this type: An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground. / A train, a door and hail can rattle a station, a door or a roof, but the ground stays still. / Only under the town did the ground itself shake. / So that was the earthquake.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 24 · Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides · Type 7 · bank item PP-4 · tests EAR3-009
EasyMCQType 7 — four things that happened on a farm after a week of rain: which one was a landslide
Four things happened on a farm in Oregon after a week of rain. Which one was a landslide?
- a) Water filled the pond to its top.
- b) The creek ran fast and muddy.
- c) A few stones rolled off the wall.
- d) A whole bank of soil slid down onto the barn. ← key
Why it is this type: A landslide is a mass of rock or soil suddenly sliding down a slope. / The pond and the creek are water; a few stones are not a mass of soil. / Only the bank of soil is a mass of soil sliding down a slope. / So that was the landslide.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 24 · Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides · Type 6 · bank item PP-5 · tests EAR3-011
EasyMCQType 6 — an earthquake shakes a named place: which of these can it leave behind
An earthquake shakes a school parking lot in Utah for twenty seconds. Which of these can it leave behind in the parking lot?
- a) a layer of new solid rock over it
- b) a crack across it, one side a step higher ← key
- c) a heap of soil and rock on it
- d) a pond of hot water on it
Why it is this type: When an earthquake strikes, the ground shakes. / As it shakes, it cracks in places, and one side of a crack can end up a step higher. / So the earthquake can leave a crack across the parking lot.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 24 · Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides · Type 2 · bank item PP-6 · tests EAR3-007
MediumMCQType 2 — hot water flows out of an opening in the ground: what is missing for it to be a volcano
In Arkansas, hot water flows out of an opening in the ground. What is missing for this opening to be a volcano?
- a) a bigger opening
- b) a taller mountain
- c) a colder place
- d) melted rock coming out ← key
Why it is this type: A volcano is an opening where melted rock from deep inside Earth comes out. / Here hot water comes out, not melted rock. / So melted rock coming out is what is missing.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 24 · Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides · Type 4 · bank item PP-7 · tests EAR3-010
MediumMCQType 4 — lava flows over a named thing on a named afternoon: about when does new solid rock lie there
Lava from a volcano in Alaska flows over a farm track on Friday afternoon. About when does new solid rock lie on the track?
- a) by Saturday ← key
- b) in one hundred years
- c) in one thousand years
- d) in one million years
Why it is this type: Lava pours out and flows over the track. / Out in the air, it cools into solid rock in about a day. / So by Saturday, new solid rock lies on the track.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 24 · Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides · Type 8 · bank item PP-8 · tests EAR3-012 EAR3-010
MediumMCQType 8 — a mass of soil slides down a hillside onto a named place: what does the hillside look like afterward
A mass of soil slides down a hillside onto a campsite beside a lake in Idaho. What does the hillside look like afterward?
- a) It has a layer of new solid rock.
- b) It has a crack with one side a step higher.
- c) It has a bare hollow where the soil was. ← key
- d) It looks the same as before.
Why it is this type: A landslide is a mass of soil and rock sliding down a slope. / Where the soil was, the slope is left with a bare hollow. / So the hillside has a bare hollow afterward.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 24 · Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides · Type 9 · bank item PP-9 · tests EAR3-012 EAR3-009
HardtypedType 9 — a drawn changed slope, never a teaching figure: type the name of the event
text entry · drawing pp_hill2_after (a fresh slope: gentle, one tree left on the top, a bare hollow low on the slope, a wide heap of soil and rocks with a tipped tree lying across a stream)
Look at the hillside. Type the name of the event that changed it.
Accepted answers (typed): landslide · a landslide · the landslide · land slide · a land slide · the land slide (the grader folds case)
Why it is this type: Hard because: two changes read off the drawing, sorted against the other two events, and the name produced.
The why line (what a student reads after answering): The slope has a bare hollow, and a heap of soil and rock lies at its foot, across the stream. / A landslide leaves the land like that. / New solid rock would mean a volcano; a crack with a step would mean an earthquake. / So the event was a landslide.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 24 · Volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides · Type 10 · bank item PP-10 · tests EAR3-007
HardtypedType 10 — a described scene (glowing melted rock running down a mountain toward the sea): type the name for the melted rock
text entry
On a mountain in Hawaii, glowing red melted rock runs slowly down the side toward the sea. Type the name for the melted rock.
Accepted answers (typed): lava · the lava
Why it is this type: Hard because: the term is produced from its description, not recognised.
The why line (what a student reads after answering): Deep inside Earth, rock is so hot that it has melted. / When it comes out of a volcano, the melted rock is called lava. / It is not fire: it is rock, melted.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
The lessons (6)
Each lesson in teaching order: its one-line summary, the article, the script and the quiz, then your ruling.
Topic 24 · Lesson 1
Lesson 1 What a volcano is
Mount Saint Helens and Pikes Peak: both tall, both snowy for part of the year, one a volcano. Deep inside Earth some rock is so hot that it has melted; in some places there is an opening in the ground, and the melted rock comes up and out — the melted rock that comes out is lava, rock so hot that it glows, not fire. Then the frame, four times: Pikes Peak (no opening: not a volcano) → Kilauea (melted rock out of the opening: a volcano) → Mount Saint Helens (quiet today, but melted rock has come out: a volcano) → Old Faithful (an opening, but hot water: not a volcano). Two coins, volcano and lava; "crater" is said as "the opening at the top". Quiz: drawn and described cases yes / no, Desmond's "lava is fire" (no), two typed terms.
Topic 24 · Lesson 2
Lesson 2 Volcanoes change the land fast
Sienna's road in Hawaii is under dark rock this morning. The land below a volcano: a field, three trees, a road. Melted rock comes out of the opening — "when that happens, we say the volcano erupts" — and lava pours out; it is a liquid, so it flows downhill, over the grass, the trees and the road; it is so hot that they burn; out in the air it cools and turns into solid rock. The field and the road are gone under new rock, in one day. Two predictions in the same frame (a parking lot; a forest). Quiz: what covers a drawn field, why the lava is now hard rock, Marcus's "hundreds of years" (no).
Topic 24 · Lesson 3
Lesson 3 What an earthquake is
Hazel's kitchen floor shakes, the pictures rattle, a cup wobbles off the table; twenty seconds later, still. The floor did not shake on its own: the ground under the house shook, and the house with it. A sudden shaking of the ground is an earthquake; it lasts seconds, about twenty in a big one, then stops. The frame: a truck rattles a window but the ground stays still (not one) → Hazel's kitchen → Miles on a park bench, no house near (one) → a windy day, the trees shake, the ground stays still (not one). Earthquakes happen in California, Alaska, Oklahoma and many other states. The article's teaching figure is a short looping animation. Quiz: cases yes / no, Lorenzo's "only far away" and Paloma's "a strong wind" (both no).
Topic 24 · Lesson 4
Lesson 4 Earthquakes change the land fast
Camila's street: a crack right across the road this morning, one side a step higher. A road before; the ground shakes hard for about twenty seconds and cracks in places; one crack runs across the road, about a hand wide; one side ends up a step higher; the shaking stops, the crack stays. The ground does not open up and swallow houses — most cracks are a hand wide. Predictions: a flat field; a steep rocky hill whose loose rocks slide down (the seam to Lesson 5 (What a landslide is), without its word). Quiz: the what on a Nevada field, why the road cracked (reasons only), Fletcher's "swallows houses" and Wendell's "closes up by itself" (both no).
Topic 24 · Lesson 5
Lesson 5 What a landslide is
Elliot and his dad below a hillside after three days of rain: a rumble, and the whole side of the hill slides down onto the path, trees and all. Ground that goes downhill is a slope; most days its soil and rock stay where they are. The frame, in your Forces order: a flat field in rain (no slope: not one) → Elliot's hillside (a mass of soil, rock and trees slides down: a landslide) → a dry rocky slope in Alaska that the ground shook (no rain, still one) → the same hillside on a day a little mud washes down and the hill stays (not one). Heavy rain can start a landslide; so can the ground shaking. Quiz: cases yes / no, Emmett's "only when it rains" (no), Rosalie's no-rain claim (yes), a few kicked pebbles (no).
Topic 24 · Lesson 6
Lesson 6 Landslides change the land fast
Javier's valley road is blocked by a heap of soil, rocks and broken trees; above it the hillside shows bare ground where the trees were. A hillside before; days of rain; a mass of soil and rock slides down in less than a minute. Where the soil was, a bare hollow; where it went, a heap on the valley floor; the road is under it. Two changes from one event. Predictions: a stream (the water spreads into a pond behind the heap); a railway line. Quiz: what lies on a drawn road, the top of the slope, why the soil is on the road, Tobin's "grew there slowly" (no), which event left a drawn hillside like this.
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