Topic 25 Dangerous weather — what needs James (0)
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Question types (10)
One exemplar per question type in the test bank; approving a type approves every item written to it. The full type sheet.
Topic 25 · Dangerous weather · Type 1 · bank item PP-1 · tests EAR3-013
EasyMCQType 1 — a named weather that brings ONE harm: which harm does it bring
A tornado crosses a farm in Kansas. Which harm does the tornado bring?
- a) flood water
- b) strong wind ← key
- c) lightning
- d) deep snow
Why it is this type: A tornado is a spinning column of very strong wind that reaches the ground. / So the harm it brings is strong wind.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 25 · Dangerous weather · Type 2 · bank item PP-2 · tests EAR3-013
EasyMCQType 2 — a named harm: what damage does it do
Strong wind reaches a lakeside campsite in Michigan. What damage does strong wind do?
- a) It blocks the roads.
- b) It soaks the floors of houses.
- c) It knocks trees down. ← key
- d) It sets roofs on fire.
Why it is this type: Each harm does its own damage. / Strong wind pushes on trees and roofs. / So it knocks trees down and tears shingles off.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 25 · Dangerous weather · Type 3 · bank item PP-3 · tests EAR3-014
EasyMCQType 3 — a DESCRIBED defense at a place: what does it hold back
A row of tall trees stands along the west side of a farmhouse in South Dakota. What does the row of trees hold back?
- a) strong wind ← key
- b) flood water
- c) lightning
- d) deep snow
Why it is this type: A row of trees beside a house is a windbreak. / The trees take the wind, so the house behind them is out of the wind. / So the row of trees holds back strong wind.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 25 · Dangerous weather · Type 4 · bank item PP-4 · tests SR3-022
EasyMCQType 4 — a drawn evidence card: which explanation fits everything observed
drawing evidence_pp_trampoline
Here is what Rosamund observed about the trampoline. Which explanation fits everything she observed?
- a) Somebody unscrewed the legs and carried it away.
- b) Deep snow crushed the trampoline.
- c) The frame rusted and fell over.
- d) Strong wind blew the trampoline into the field. ← key
Why it is this type: The wind howled from the south all night. / The legs are bent, not unscrewed; the frame is shiny; there is no snow. / Only the wind explanation fits all of that.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
More from the sheet on this type
Card: What Rosamund observed — 1. The trampoline lies upside down in the field, thirty steps away. 2. All night, the wind howled from the south. 3. The trampoline's legs are bent, not unscrewed. 4. There is no snow on the ground. 5. The frame is shiny, with no rust.
Card: What Rosamund observed — 1. The trampoline lies upside down in the field, thirty steps away. 2. All night, the wind howled from the south. 3. The trampoline's legs are bent, not unscrewed. 4. There is no snow on the ground. 5. The frame is shiny, with no rust.
Topic 25 · Dangerous weather · Type 5 · bank item PP-5 · tests EAR3-013 EAR3-014
MediumMCQType 5 — a described weather: which defense holds back the harm it brings
Heavy rain has fallen all week, and the creek behind a school in Iowa is rising toward its doors. Which defense holds back the harm this weather brings?
- a) a lightning rod on the roof
- b) sandbags stacked across the doors ← key
- c) storm shutters over the windows
- d) a snow fence beside the road
Why it is this type: A week of rain has filled the creek, so the harm coming is flood water. / A wall of sandbags across a doorway holds back flood water. / So the sandbags are the defense.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 25 · Dangerous weather · Type 6 · bank item PP-6 · tests SR3-022
MediumMCQType 6 — a named student's explanation: which observation shows it does not fit
Cordelia says the wind knocked over the recycling bin in the night. Which observation shows her explanation does not fit?
- a) The bin is blue.
- b) The bin stands by the curb.
- c) The class weather table says last night was calm. ← key
- d) The bin's lid is off.
Why it is this type: The class weather table says last night was calm. / Calm means almost no wind. / So that observation shows the wind explanation does not fit.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 25 · Dangerous weather · Type 7 · bank item PP-7 · tests SR3-022 EAR3-014
MediumMCQType 7 — a drawn evidence card after a flood: which explanation fits everything observed
drawing evidence_pp_dryhouse
Here is what Philippa observed after the flood on her street. Which explanation fits everything she observed?
- a) That house is newer than the others.
- b) The flood water never reached that house.
- c) Somebody mopped that floor before anyone looked.
- d) The sandbags held the flood water back from that house. ← key
Why it is this type: The flood water reached every doorstep. / All the houses are the same age, and the dry floor is dusty, not mopped. / Sandbags are stacked across the dry house's doorway. / Only the sandbags explanation fits all of that.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
More from the sheet on this type
Card: What Philippa observed after the flood — 1. Flood water covered the street up to the doorsteps. 2. Every house on the street has a wet floor, except one. 3. Sandbags are stacked across that house's doorway. 4. All the houses are the same age. 5. The dry floor is dusty; nobody has mopped it.
Card: What Philippa observed after the flood — 1. Flood water covered the street up to the doorsteps. 2. Every house on the street has a wet floor, except one. 3. Sandbags are stacked across that house's doorway. 4. All the houses are the same age. 5. The dry floor is dusty; nobody has mopped it.
Topic 25 · Dangerous weather · Type 8 · bank item PP-8 · tests EAR3-014 EAR3-013
HardtypedType 8 — a described weather: type the name of the defense the farmer puts on the roof
text entry
Thunderstorms come to a farm in Montana every summer. Type the name of the defense the farmer puts on the barn roof.
Accepted answers (typed): lightning rod · a lightning rod · the lightning rod · lightning rods (the grader folds case)
Why it is this type: Hard because: two steps (thunderstorm → lightning → the defense), the stem prints neither "lightning" nor "rod", and the defense is typed.
The why line (what a student reads after answering): A thunderstorm brings lightning. / A metal rod on the roof, with a wire to the ground, gives lightning a safe path. / So the farmer puts a lightning rod on the barn roof.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 25 · Dangerous weather · Type 9 · bank item PP-9 · tests EAR3-014
HardtypedType 9 — a named defense in use: type the harm it holds back
text entry
Before the storm, Marguerite's grandpa closes the storm shutters over the windows of his beach house in Alabama. Type the harm the shutters hold back.
Accepted answers (typed): wind · strong wind · winds · strong winds, each bare and with an article (generated by term_accept)
Why it is this type: Hard because: the harm is produced, not recognised, and the defense's name does not contain it.
The why line (what a student reads after answering): Storm shutters are strong covers that close over the windows. / They hold back the wind and the things the wind throws. / So the harm the shutters hold back is strong wind.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
Topic 25 · Dangerous weather · Type 10 · bank item PP-10 · tests SR3-022 EAR3-013
HardtypedType 10 — a drawn evidence card: type the harm that did this damage
text entry · drawing evidence_pp_shingles
Here is what Henrietta observed on her street on Thursday morning. Type the harm that did this damage.
Accepted answers (typed): the same wind list
Why it is this type: Hard because: the observations are read, the harm they fit is chosen against the two they rule out, and it is typed — the card never prints the word.
The why line (what a student reads after answering): Shingles are off three roofs and two trees are down: that is strong wind's damage. / Every fence leans the same way, the way a wind pushes. / There is no water and no snow. / So the harm was strong wind.
Recommendation: Approve as the exemplar
More from the sheet on this type
Card: What Henrietta observed on Thursday morning — 1. Shingles from three roofs lie all over the street. 2. Two trees lie across the road. 3. Every fence on the street leans toward the east. 4. There is no water and no snow on the street.
Card: What Henrietta observed on Thursday morning — 1. Shingles from three roofs lie all over the street. 2. Two trees lie across the road. 3. Every fence on the street leans toward the east. 4. There is no water and no snow on the street.
The lessons (3)
Each lesson in teaching order: its one-line summary, the article, the script and the quiz, then your ruling.
Topic 25 · Lesson 1
Lesson 1 Weather can do damage
Isadora at her window: three days of rain, the river high. Rain is just water; can it do any damage? The river rises over its banks and flood water soaks the ground floor. Then the Florida coast: a hurricane is a huge storm from the sea, and one harm it brings is strong wind, which tears the shingles off roofs and knocks trees down (a tornado brings strong wind too). A thunderstorm's lightning can set a barn roof on fire; a blizzard's deep snow blocks the roads. One ordinary rainy afternoon fills two puddles and does no damage. Rule last, in a table. Quiz: weather → harm, harm → damage, two boundary cases, one claim.
Topic 25 · Lesson 2
Lesson 2 A defense holds the harm back
Rupert's front door, the river rising again; last spring the water came in. Nobody can stop the rain, so he and his dad stack sandbags across the doorway, and the floor stays dry: a defense. The town's levee; storm shutters against the wind; a lightning rod that gives lightning a safe path to the ground; a snow fence that drops the drift in the field; a windbreak. Then the non-example: on a day of strong wind, the wind blows straight over the levee — a defense works when it holds back the harm that is coming. Quiz: what a defense holds back, judge a plan (yes / no), Hector's "the levee stops the rain" (no).
Topic 25 · Lesson 3
Lesson 3 Choose the best explanation
Harriet's fence lies flat on Tuesday morning. Her brother says a cow; her mom says the wind. What she observed, on a card: the fence's top toward the east, branches everywhere, the wind howling from the west all night, no cows near, the posts new with no rot. Each explanation checked in one frame — "Does it fit what Harriet observed?" — a cross, a cross, a tick. Liking the cow does not make it fit. Worked again on the flooded school road with the class weather table as evidence. Quiz on fresh cards: a bent flag pole, black tomato leaves, a hat in the hedge, a broken window.
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