Topic 5 "What happens when things bump into each other" — your read (2 October 2026)

Skim first

The lessons in teaching order, each with its one rule sentence; then the intro script; then the question types. The review page follows.

The lessons and their rules

Lesson	Atom	Rule sentence
L01 Moving things hand over energy when they hit	ENE4-004	Hands over some of its energy to what it hits. The bump is called a collision.
L02 What each object does after the hit	ENE4-005	The still object starts moving. The moving object slows down.
L03 The sound and the warmth are energy too	ENE4-006	The sound carries some energy away. Some energy warms the two things that hit. Nothing is gone.
L04 How far it slides is the evidence	ENE4-010	The faster object hands over more energy. Its block slides farther. How far the block slides is the evidence.

The intro script (117 words, about 58 s)

Here's Miss Fischer's class in the gym with a plastic bowling set. Camden rolls the ball toward the pins. The pins stand still. Then the ball hits the pins. The pins fly, you hear a loud clatter, and the ball slows down. A moment ago, the pins were still. So what started them flying, and where did that clatter come from? And if Camden rolls the ball faster next time, what will the pins do? To find out, we will look at what a moving thing hands over when it hits something, and what happens to both things after the hit. Okay, so are you ready to find out what happens when things bump into each other?

The question types (from TYPES_G4T05.md)

1. Type 1 (ENE4-004): where the energy for the struck thing's moving came from, or which thing handed energy over, or why the giver is slower — four sources: the mover (key), the struck thing itself, the ground / floor, the air / water
2. Type 2 (ENE4-004): which of four things is handing over energy (one moving thing that hits; three still things), or which sentence says what a moving object does at a hit — four scenes, or four one-clause statements
3. Type 3 (ENE4-004): the name for a moving object bumping into another object; which of four cases is a collision — collision and its sister words (slide, force, push) — never typed (RECALL_BY_MCQ); four cases, three near misses
4. Type 4 (ENE4-005): what the still object does after the hit, or which sentence says what BOTH objects do (a case, never the bare rule) — starts moving (key) / stays still / moves only after the other stops / rolls toward the mover; or the 2 × 2 grid of moves / stays × slows / speeds
5. Type 5 (ENE4-005): what the moving object does right after the hit, or which object has more / less energy than before — slows down (key) / speeds up / keeps the same speed / turns around
6. Type 6 (ENE4-005): a prediction from a BEFORE card (the drawing shows the rolling thing and the still thing; nothing has happened yet) — four outcomes for the still thing
7. Type 7 (ENE4-006): what carries energy from a crash to your ears; what happens to the two things' warmth; how a struck thing feels after many hits — sound (key) / light / the struck thing / electricity; warmer (key) / colder / no change / one each
8. Type 8 (ENE4-006): where the energy for a warm struck thing came from — four sources, one the moving striker
9. Type 9 (ENE4-006): where the rest of the energy went, or which sentence about a crash is true — four destinations / four statements, with the catalogue's "gone", "used up", "made" beliefs as the distractors
10. Type 10 (ENE4-006): the carrier that takes energy from the crash to your ears, produced — accept: sound / noise / clang forms, and Grade 3's vibration(s) and the air
11. Type 11 (ENE4-010): which roll or which mover handed over more energy, or was faster, from two slides (described, or drawn with rulers) — the two movers / both the same / you cannot tell
12. Type 12 (ENE4-010): what to measure for the evidence; what must stay the same for a fair test — four measurements / four lists
13. Type 13 (ENE4-004 / 005 / 010): a judgement on an unshown shape of the rule: the giver that stops at once; the pair that hooks together and rolls on; the energy before and after as a share; equal slides — four statements, one true
14. Type 14 (ENE4-006): the TWO places some of the energy goes in a crash (the answer is a set) — sound and warmth (keys) / light / extra speed
15. Type 15 (ENE4-010): read the evidence off a drawn ruler: the faster train's slide — typed centimeters, the unit optional, the word form accepted
16. Type 16 (ENE4-010): the fastest of three rolls from three slides, where the longest slide is not the last — the three rolls / you cannot tell
17. Type 17 (ENE4-010): which sentence is the evidence for a stated claim about which mover was faster — four candidate evidence sentences, two stating the opposite or an irrelevant fact