Skill: write-like-james @ cca3af6 · the build: write-lesson, write-mcqs, write-video-script, write-intro, write-summary @ cca3af6; the non-author review (review-lesson Role B and C, review-questions, review-figures, review-accuracy, review-physics) applied @ cca3af6; the blind read by two cold readers is next
Topic 5 "Where energy comes from and where it goes" — your read (8 October 2026)
Skim first
The lessons in teaching order, each with its one rule sentence; then the intro script; then the question types. The review page follows.
The lessons and their rules
| Lesson | Atom | Rule sentence |
|---|---|---|
| L01 Chemical energy is stored energy | ENE5-001 | Chemical energy is stored energy. It stays in a battery or a fuel until the battery or fuel is used. |
| L02 Where a battery's stored energy ends up | ENE5-002 | When a battery or fuel is used, its chemical energy ends up as kinetic energy in a thing that moves, or thermal energy in a thing that warms up. |
| L03 Trace the energy, step by step | ENE5-003 | Start at the energy source and name its type of energy. Then name the carrier. Last, name where the energy ends up. |
| L04 Where a dead battery's energy went | ENE5-004 | The battery has transferred all of its chemical energy. The energy did not vanish. Light or sound carried it away. The parts and the air warmed up. |
| L05 Where the rolling ball's energy went | ENE5-020 | Friction acts where a rolling ball and the floor rub. The rubbing warms both. The ball's kinetic energy ends up as thermal energy in the ball, the floor and the air. |
| L06 Heavier at the same speed, more energy | ENE5-021 | Of two same-speed things, the heavier one has more kinetic energy. |
The intro script (118 words, about 59 s)
Here's Esme on the sidewalk with her remote-control car. She presses the button, and the car races off. Then the car slows, rolls a little farther, and stops. Esme presses the button again, but the car stays still. A minute ago the car was racing. So where did its energy come from, and where has it gone now? Every toy and every lamp raises the same question. To find out, we will look at the energy waiting in a battery, where it goes when the battery is used, and where a rolling ball's energy goes when the ball slows down. Okay, so are you ready to find out where the car's energy came from, and where it went?
The question types (from TYPES_G5T05.md)
- Type 1 (easy · MCQ, the kind-of-energy set · 001): which kind of energy a waiting battery, a fuel or a stretched rubber band has — chemical / kinetic / thermal / elastic energy (fixed, key moves)
- Type 2 (easy, medium, hard · MCQ, the stored set; one claim-reason item · 001): whether the chemical energy is stored or being released (an unused remote; a camera flash; a boat's fuel tank; the camera switched off again); Esme's claim judged by its correct reason (electricity stored inside) — stored / being released / being carried / gone, rotated; four single-statement reasons
- Type 3 (easy, medium · MCQ, the endings set · 002): what the stored energy ends up as, on a moving or a warming device — kinetic energy in the moving part / thermal energy in the warm part / chemical energy in the part / elastic energy in the part
- Type 4 (easy · MCQ · 001): which of four things stores chemical energy — one fuel and three moving or hot things
- Type 5 (easy, medium · MCQ · 002): what carries the energy from a speaker to your ears; which of the battery and the electricity stores and which carries — four carriers; four store / carry pairings
- Type 6 (easy, medium, hard · MCQ; three with a drawn chain card · 003): where a trace starts; which step a student just did; the blank box, the blank type or the blank chip on a card; which trace is right; which step is missing — four parts, four kinds of energy, four carriers, four traces
- Type 7 (medium · MCQ · 002): two endings named in one pair; which of two devices is releasing energy; where a drone's energy ends up — four pairs / four cases
- Type 8 (easy, medium · MCQ · 004): what is happening to the chemical energy as a light dims; where a stopped toy's energy went; the correct reason a toy goes quiet; where a fresh battery's energy comes from — four single statements
- Type 9 (medium, hard · MCQ; one claim-reason item · 004): which kind of energy a dead battery still has; Flora's claim judged by its correct reason (the energy no longer exists) — four kinds; four single-statement reasons
- Type 10 (medium · MCQ, drawn table or strip · 020): on which surface the rolling thing stopped soonest; which surface rubbed it most (read from a table, and again from a drawn strip to one scale) — the three surfaces plus "the same on all"
- Type 11 (medium, hard · MCQ; one claim-reason item · 020): what acts where the surfaces rub; where a stopped stone's kinetic energy ended up; Esme's claim judged by its correct reason (ran out); which of two rolling pins stops sooner — four single answers / reasons
- Type 12 (medium, hard · MCQ; one with a drawn table · 021): which of two same-speed things has more kinetic energy (a table of masses; a loaded and an empty dump truck; two skaters; a saucer pulled with a sister, then a dad) — the two things, "both the same", a fourth
- Type 13 (medium, hard · MCQ; one claim-reason item · 021): read the evidence backward: which wheelbarrow or skateboard had more mass from the slide lengths; Ezra's claim judged by its correct reason (speed is all that matters) — four single statements
- Type 14 (hard · typed · 001, 003, 004, 020, 021): the kind of energy a fuel has (twice: propane, fuel gel); the kind a warm motor has; the force where wheels and a sidewalk rub; the kind a heavier same-speed train has more of — chemical / thermal / friction / kinetic, with article forms, "mechanical" for kinetic, and child spellings
- Type 15 (hard · multi-select · 004): the TWO places a toy fire engine's chemical energy ended up — carried away by the siren's sound / thermal energy in the warm motor, wheels and air / stored in the battery / light stored in the room
Six lessons for six atoms, in Miss Espinoza's class with Esme, Ezra and Flora.
Esme finds a year-old battery in the kitchen drawer and it lights her flashlight at once, so L01 teaches that chemical energy is stored energy: it waits in the battery or the fuel until the loop is complete or the fuel burns, and the electricity only carries it out (Esme's "the battery has electricity stored inside it" is answered).
Ezra's two batteries run a fan, then a flashlight, then a hand warmer, so L02 teaches where the stored energy ends up: kinetic energy in a thing that moves, thermal energy in a thing that warms up, with light or sound carrying some away.
Flora's toy train is the routine: start at the energy source and name its type of energy, name the carrier, name where the energy ends up (L03, the capstone of the chain half).
Flora's flashlight dims and goes out in the tent, so L04 adds up where the energy went: some out with the light, the rest warmed the bulb, the battery and the air; a dead battery still has energy, it just has no chemical energy left to provide.
Esme's ball rolls eight meters on the gym floor and one on the library carpet, so L05 reads the table and says where the kinetic energy went: friction acts where the ball and the floor rub, the rubbing warms both, and the energy ended up as thermal energy in the ball, the floor and the air.
Ezra's wagon, empty and then loaded, pushes the box twenty and then sixty centimeters at the same speed, so L06 teaches that of two same-speed things, the heavier one has more kinetic energy, and the slide is the evidence.
No term is coined (Grade 3 coined "chemical energy"); "stored", "released" and "dead" are everyday words; mass and weight are not set against each other. Every carrier sentence says light, sound, electricity or heat carries energy; nothing has no energy; nothing ran out.
What the review changed. Four items had asked which floor "warmed the thing most" and keyed the roughest one. A ball let go at one speed has the same kinetic energy on every floor, and all of it ends up as thermal energy whichever floor stops it, so the roughest floor does not make more warmth, it makes the same warmth over a shorter stretch. Those four now ask what the data shows: which surface rubbed the thing most, or which rolling pin stops sooner. Smaller fixes: "most" dropped from the light's share of a flashlight battery's energy (an everyday bulb sends most out as warmth); the hall rug introduced before its table row; the rub-the-ball case added so the warming is felt once; a video beat that told you to "put" batteries in a flashlight now narrates; four drawings corrected on the render (a label across the flashlight head, warmth marks above the ball instead of at the carpet, a lid drawn as a ball, a wagon's motion drawn with the blue push arrow); four unplaced figures placed or deleted. Every gate is back to its stated result; the batch is rebuilt and checked and waits for your taps.
Questions for James
none
The lessons
Also on the site
Topic intro and poll · summary and three questions · mixed practice · the PP100 bank · the type sheet
After you read
Nothing waits on a ruling. Your notes on the six scripts are the cue: the batch (handoff/G5T05/videos/batch_G5T05.json, 8 videos, check_brief.py clean) goes the same turn they are applied and the checker is at 0 FAIL. Before that, two cold readers read the re-cut bundle (blind/2026-10-08-reviewed/) and the adjudicator runs check_order_keys.py on the two order items; then the picture pass renders the seven cartoon scenes and the camp-stove photo.
What the reviews found, and what changed
The non-author review (8 October): one Must-fix in four items, eighteen Worth-fixing, all applied
The science, the sequencing and the language are right, and every one of James's energy rulings is kept: everything has energy; light, sound, electricity and heat carry energy and are never kinds of it; the battery provides; a moving thing transfers energy TO what it hits; "energy source", never "giver"; kinetic, thermal, gravitational, elastic and chemical named; a dead battery and a stopped ball still have energy and the text says where the rest went; the hotter thing heats the colder thing; mass against weight not taught. The four documented beliefs are each voiced once by a named child, judged after the evidence in the recap-and-contradict form, and tested once in a quiz and once in the bank; no lesson line plants a belief.
Must-fix: the quiz's puck table, the practice's soup can, and the bank's lid strip and rolling pins keyed the roughest surface as the one that "warmed the thing most" — the same kinetic energy becomes the same thermal energy on every floor, so the items now ask which surface rubbed the thing most, or which stops sooner (two retagged medium and moved; keys unchanged). Worth fixing, all applied: "most" dropped from the flashlight's light and the doorbell's sound and a drone's propellers; the hall rug introduced before its table; the rub-the-ball case added; the flashlight switched off rather than let go of; the L02 video beat "Put the same batteries…" now narrates; L06-q3's why names the 30-kilogram cart, not a colour from the previous item; a stroller's feedback said "car"; a "receiver's mass" distractor; a bonfire asked in the device set (now a gas water heater); the ON / OFF label, the warmth marks, the lid glyph and start line, the wagon's motion lines; the hand-warmer card placed and three unplaced photos deleted; two stale record lines. Left as simplifications, recorded: "a little warm" as the dead battery's cue; the HEAT chip beside "the warm bulb heated the air" (your Grade 3 card A45); illustrative slide numbers; "stored … waits inside" as the register's own word. Full table: REVIEW_G5T05_2026-10-08.md.
The gates after the fixes
check_topic.py 0 FAIL (S46 B=0 C=0 D=0) · check_terms.py no hits · check_g5_articles.py 0 FAIL (articles 383 / 378 / 365 / 362 / 391 / 333; scripts 149 / 145 / 145 / 150 / 147 / 145; intro 119; summary 169) · check_key_tells.py 0 of 137 · check_svg_ids.py PASS (49 figures) · vault check_lessons.py 0 FAIL, S118 silent · physics-misconception sweep: hits only inside quoted claims · names exit 0 · blind bundle re-cut (121 mcq, 9 text, 1 frq, 2 order, 1 multi; 134 held) · batch 8 videos, every ✓, not sent.
The bank, in brief
52 items in content/G5T05_pp100_bank.py: 46 four-option MCQs, 5 typed words (chemical twice, thermal, friction, kinetic), 1 two-of-four select. Per atom: ENE5-001 10 · 002 9 · 003 9 · 004 8 · 020 8 · 021 8. Easy 14, medium 25, hard 13, sorted easy to hard and rising with the atom's place. MCQ keys A 14 · B 12 · C 11 · D 9. Fifteen question types on the type sheet: the kind of energy a store has; stored or being released; the ending from what the device does; which stores and which carries; a blank box, type or chip on a drawn chain card; a whole trace judged or a missing step found; why a device stops and where its energy went; what a dead battery still has; a results table or a drawn strip read for the shortest roll and the most rubbing; same speed, more mass, more kinetic energy; the slide read backward to the mass; the typed term; a named child's claim judged by its correct reason; the two endings of one device. Three items carry a strand-test tag and leave the PP100 draw.